The paper analyses an along-track multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) formation. formation aims at achieving a high azimuth resolution maintaining the same time large swath width. case with one transmitting sensor and all receiving is analyzed (Single Input Multiple Output, SIMO). An effective novel reconstruction, in two-dimensional frequency domain introduced that able to keep low ambiguity achieve recombination gain close theoretical one. Degradation of system performance due loss...

We propose the use of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to provide a continuous and global monitoring Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI) in C-band. take advantage first 8–10 echo measures at beginning each burst, 50–70 MHz wide bandwidth ground beam coverage ~25 km (azimuth) by 70 (range). Such observations can be repeated with frequency better than three days, considering two satellites both ascending descending passes. These used qualify same (S1) dataset as well monitor...

The paper addresses the temporal stability of distributed targets, particularly referring to vegetation, evaluate degradation affecting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and repeat-pass interferometry, provide efficient SAR simulation schemes for generating big dataset from wide areas. models that are mostly adopted in literature critically reviewed, aim study decorrelation a range time (from hours days), interest long-term SAR, such as ground-based or geosynchronous, interferometry. It...

In this paper, a numerical method optimizer based on covariance matching is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) polarimetric calibration. The makes use of the information provided by distributed target and corner reflector in order to jointly estimate system distortion parameters Faraday rotation. A preliminary analysis conducted show expected accuracy values identify intrinsic ambiguities problem. Results from simulations are shown assess convergence method. Finally, tests have been...

Fully-focusing of radar altimeters is a recent concept that has been introduced to allow further improvement along-track resolution in high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) altimeters. The straight potentiality this new perspective reflects into more accurate estimation geophysical parameters some applications such as sea-ice observation. However, documented paper, capability leaves unsolved the problem computational effort required. In we face adapting for Omega-Kappa SAR focusing algorithm...

BIOMASS is ESA’s seventh Earth Explorer mission, scheduled for launch in 2022. The satellite will be the first P-band SAR sensor space and operated fully polarimetric interferometric tomographic modes. mission aim to map forest above-ground biomass (AGB), height (FH) severe disturbance (FD) globally with a particular focus on tropical forests. This paper presents algorithms developed estimate these biophysical parameters from level 1 measurements their implementation 2 prototype processor...

The availability of accurate trajectory information is paramount for the processing and exploitation synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Considering particular case spaceborne SARs designed repeat-pass interferometric applications, errors in translate into phase artifacts that affect performance. In this paper, we propose a model-based procedure to calibrate trajectories SAR systems by multisquint (MS) phase. technique allows estimate along derivative across track geometric errors. model...

We discuss a coherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) formation where <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> identical sensors transmit at the same time, code, and frequency. This is particular multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) configuration, transmitted waveforms interfere together, resulting in an illumination pattern that randomly changes space time. Similar...

This paper presents the design and processing of SAR acquisition technique named frequency scanning (f-SCAN), aimed to obtain high sensitivity targets with low backscattering improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in wide-swath systems. The f-SCAN is an interesting alternative on receive method (SCORE), which needs multiple phase centres achieved using digital beam forming (DBF) technique. requires less hardware complexity than SCORE; at same time, it improves sidelobes ambiguities’...

AbstractA spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aimed at global monitoring with a short revisit time (12 days) is proposed. Such system not feasible in conventional Stripmap mode because of the known relation between range coverage and azimuth antenna length, but it can be achieved burst-mode SARs, like ScanSAR TOPSAR. We detail design TOPSAR sensors, provide scheme to optimize burst length TOPSAR, discuss an innovative defined as TOPSPOT. The performances three schemes are analyzed...

In this paper, the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) calibration for low-frequency missions by means of stable point targets is presented. Calibration at low frequency involves absolute radiometric calibration, antenna pattern and pointing characterization validation, distortion system parameters' estimation. The use traditional instrumentation, such as a polarimetric active calibrator, corner reflector, or an transponder, may be costly can reduce time instrument used operational acquisitions....

This paper concerns the performance of flexible dynamic block adaptive quantizer (FDBAQ), which is onboard data compression scheme used by Sentinel-1 (S-1), i.e., C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) constellation whose first satellite (Sentinel-1A) has been launched on April 3, 2014. The rate that results from fine resolution and wide swath S-1 would exceed, without compression, hardware limitations. FDBAQ proposed as an efficient method to reduce instrument limit storage requirement....

This work investigates a new concept to finely resolve the vertical structure of natural media, like snow, ice, vegetation, by using formation spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) mounted onboard different satellites. The is assumed operate in Multiple Input Output (MIMO) mode implementing Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) access scheme, where all satellites transmit simultaneously on frequency bands and receive echoes scattered Earth's surface transmitted bands. In so-doing,...

This paper analyzes the advantages and drawbacks of using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) azimuth multichannel technique known as Multi-Aperture Processing Scheme (MAPS), in a set relevant application cases that are far from canonical ones. In scientific literature on this topic, equally distributed channels with quasi-monostatic deployment assumed. With research, we aim at extending models current to (i) generic bistatic acquisition geometry, (ii) where number receiving tiles is not same for...

The BIOMASS mission gives completely new challenges in external calibration arising from the orbital pattern needed for tomographic and Pol-InSAR phases of mission, strong effects ionosphere at P-band, lack pre-existing P-band data except over very limited parts globe. Together these create problems that can only be solved by combining infrequent visits to instrumented sites with systematic exploitation properties distributed targets opportunity. Proposed approaches performing radiometric...

The design of a space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with large swath coverage in full polarimetric mode is challenging task L band. requirement for full-polarimetry involves doubling the PRF, reducing available and making range ambiguities serious problem, particularly cross polarization. This case next Argentinean constellation, SAOCOM, made two identical band SAR. In paper it proposed based on innovative techniques, namely TOPSAR split-band pulse coding (SBPC). allows wide by...

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeters reduce the along-track footprint size exploiting coherence of transmitted pulses and achieve at same time a noise reduction. Consequently, large effort has been aimed formulation theoretical models that apply to SAR altimeters, in order fully exploit improvement spatial resolution obtained from synthesis. This letter presents novel semianalytical waveform model for interferometric preserves high accuracy even presence mispointing. Starting proposed...

This paper addresses the results of instrument and product performance verification, radiometric geometric calibration achieved during since commissioning routine phase.

In this paper, we revise the relative radiometric calibration of synthetic-aperture-radar stacks which exploits natural persistent scatterers (PSs). We introduce a new model to estimate slight error in sensor pointing elevation and coherent method that makes use phases evaluated by averaging complex data on local window. show proposed approach outperforms conventional one, as it is mostly insensitive “differential” biasing affects noncoherent permanent scatterer (PScal). Results from...

This paper provides the status of Sentinel -1B performance as at a few weeks after launch.

For over 40 years ESA's Earthnet Programme has played a significant role as part of mandatory activities, being major contributor to the Global Earth Observation System Systems (GEOSS). This involved providing framework for integrating non-ESA missions, i.e. Third Party Missions (TPM), into overall ESA (EO) strategy. Complementary ESA-owned EO programme allows European users access large portfolio TPM and is particularly important promoting international use data. In line with objectives...

Antenna beam pointing accuracy and stability are key issues for obtaining reliable high quality remote sensing data in space-borne SAR sensors. A wide set of causes, related to technological aspects environmental conditions acting at both Bus Payload level, contribute misalign the actual antenna bore sight from theoretical direction. Even very small error angles on yaw, pitch roll axes directly reflect pointing, impacting image parameters such as resolution, swath width, signal ambiguity...

This paper focuses on the generation of very high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) mainly from single-baseline spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The stringent requirements vertical accuracy demand for frequent and accurate measures baselines, subject to mechanical vibrations boom that may be severe when long booms are exploited. proposes a solution exploits an existent coarse-resolution DEM, example, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, as set ground control points...