Abstract On 7–8 September 2023, Hong Kong was hit by a historical and record‐breaking rainstorm associated with the remnant of Tropical Cyclone Haikui (2311). The hourly rainfall recorded at Observatory Headquarters once reached 158.1 mm, highest since record began in 1884. 24‐h even exceeded 600 mm some parts territory. resulted heavy flooding landslides, bringing significant societal impact to Kong. This paper aims review this unprecedented rain event from aspects diagnosis, forecasting...

Abstract Hong Kong was severely impacted by Super Typhoon Saola (2309), necessitating the issuance of highest tropical cyclone warning signal. skirted past south‐southwest Kong, bringing hurricane force winds and significant storm surge. had its closest approach to on 1 September 2023, posing a unique challenge in forecasting early for start new school term, where higher impact traffic public safety anticipated. This paper covers challenges aspect super typhoon.

Abstract Severe Typhoon Koinu passed south of Hong Kong on 8 and 9 October 2023, triggering the issuance Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9, second highest tropical cyclone (TC) warning signal in Kong. was a difficult case for TC service due to its compact size rather erratic movement over coastal waters Guangdong. To monitor Koinu's wind structure, Observatory utilized various observational platforms, including meteorological aircraft, ocean radar, synthetic aperture radar polar orbiting...

The shift toward subcutaneous administration for biologic therapeutics has gained momentum due to its patient-friendly nature, convenience, reduced healthcare burden, and improved compliance compared traditional intravenous infusions. However, a significant challenge associated with this transition is managing the viscosity of administered solutions. High poses substantial development manufacturability challenges, directly affecting patients by increasing injection time causing pain at site....

Hong Kong was under strike from Super Typhoon Saola (2309), necessitating the issuance of highest tropical cyclone warning signal. skirted past south-southwest Kong, bringing hurricane force winds and significant storm surge. had its closest approach to on 1 September 2023, posing a unique challenge in forecasting early for commencement date new school term, where higher impact traffic public safety anticipated. This paper covers challenges aspect super typhoon. The predicted track,...

Abstract. “Digital heritage”, as defined in this paper, is the integration of cultural heritage with digitization technology (“cultural + digitization”), and digital knowledge research. It includes not only three conventional aspects digitization—digital collection documentation, research information management, presentation interpretation—but also creation innovative use/application content (cultural intellectual property/IP, experiential education, tourism, film media). Through analysis...

A short-range, compact, real-time pulsed laser rangefinder is constructed based on time-of-flight (ToF) method. In order to reduce timing discrimination error and achieve high ranging accuracy, gray-value distance correction temperature are proposed, realized with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) in application. The performances-such as the maximum distance, range standard deviation, accuracy-are theoretically calculated experimentally studied. By means of these proposed methods,...

Abstract The Dalian ("Image missing"<!-- image only, no MathML or LaTex -->) Island shipwreck of the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 CE) was located in sea area Pingtan -->), Fujian Province, China. A total 603 Longquan celadon wares were excavated, some which have been severely corroded. In this study, two specimens with severe corrosion selected to investigate mechanism marine environment. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron equipped energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS),...

Abstract Eleven celadons with different degrees of degradation excavated from the Dalian Island shipwreck Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368 AD) were selected, and mechanism ancient porcelain at marine environment was investigated. The chemical composition, microstructure, corrosion morphology samples characterized. results showed that these can be divided into two types: transparent glazes matt-opaque glazes. are subject to combined effects physical damage corrosion. glaze surface became rougher...

In this paper, a 1550 nm five-channel all-fiber homodyne laser Doppler vibrometer with high sensitivity and good signal probing probability is presented. Under the anechoic tank, standing on an airborne platform above water surface 3 m away, calibration experiments of designed system are conducted. The minimum detectable sound pressure level up to 101.73 dB re 1 µPa at 10 kHz under hydrostatic condition, time distribution final outputs consistent that underwater transducer. For hydrodynamic...

Severe Typhoon Koinu passed south of Hong Kong on 8 and 9 October 2023, triggering the issurance Increasing Gale or Storm Signal No. 9, second highest tropical cyclone warning signal in Kong. was a difficult case for TC service due to its compact size rather erratic movement over coastal waters Guangdong. To monitor Koinu’s wind structure, Observatory utilized various observational platforms, including meteorological aircraft, ocean radar, synthetic aperture radar polar orbiting satellites....

The vehicle LIDAR has been widely used in the fields of three-dimensional city modeling, terrain mapping, agroforestry ecosystem, military detection, and unmanned driving for its advantages high resolution, strong anti-interference ability, small volume, light weight. measurement accuracy LIDARs is influenced by internal heat source system external ambient temperature to a great extent. A compact designed analyzed. Combined with distribution characteristics system, thermal deformation under...

Hong Kong was under the direct hit of Severe Typhoon Koinu (2314) on 8 and 9 October 2023, necessitating issuance Increasing Gale or Storm Signal, No. 9. a very challenging case for TC forecasting warning services due to its compact size erratic movement over northern part South China Sea. This paper reviews difficulties challenges aspect severe typhoon. The predicted tropical cyclone track intensity from both conventional models emerging artificial intelligence are examined, as well local...

Dual-frequency ultrasounds have demonstrated significant potential in augmenting thermal ablation efficiency for tumor treatment. Ensuring proper impedance matching between the dual-frequency transducer and power amplifier system is imperative equipment safety. This paper introduces a novel network utilizing L-shaped topology employing genetic algorithm to compute component values. Implementation involved an adjustable capacitor inductor achieve matching. Subsequently, acoustic parameters of...

Abstract The shift towards the subcutaneous administration route for biologics therapeutics has gained momentum due to its patient-friendly nature, convenience, reduced healthcare burden, and improved compliance compared traditional intravenous infusions. However, one of potentially significant challenges with this transition is managing viscosity administered solutions. High can pose substantial development manufacturability challenges, directly impacting patient by increasing injection...

Abstract This study examines the characteristics and development of Tropical Storm Maliksi, which is a special case tropical cyclone developed in northwestern part South China Sea during southwest monsoon outbreak. Detailed analyses were conducted using observational data forecast products. Surface observations, radar wind profilers, aircraft data, satellite products used to evaluate Maliksi's structure, revealing multiple circulation centers gale force winds. Vertical profiles, warm core...

Abstract The year of 2023 saw the rapid rise artificial intelligence (AI) global weather forecasting models. In a real‐time operational context, performance AI‐based models Pangu‐Weather and FengWu in extended‐range beyond 10 days up to 15 ahead is reviewed this paper, with emphasis on significant impacting eastern southern China. We find that AI may extend forecast range, certain skill categories, by couple 240h range when compared conventional numerical prediction

The ocean plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Carbon is transmitted along food chain form of particulate organic (POC), starting from photosynthesis phytoplankton. Therefore, detecting content POC a significant estimating sink capacity ocean. With help LIDAR detection systems, profile concentration information seawater can be detected based on optical property changes caused by In order to satisfy requirements system, capability with sensitivity up single photon level,...

During the plastic deformation of hexagonal metals, it is easy to generate point defect clusters with complex shapes and configurations due their anisotropic properties. The interactions among these between moving dislocations significantly influence physical mechanical properties materials. However, none issues in particular concerning evolutions vacancy clusters, formation microvoids, crack nucleation propagation, comprehensively understood on an atomic scale. In present work, we first...