A5049265849- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Complement system in diseases
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Travel-related health issues
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Reproductive tract infections research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
The University of Melbourne
2016-2025
Peter Doherty Institute
2016-2025
The Royal Melbourne Hospital
2013-2024
Trinity College Dublin
2024
Charles Darwin University
2023
Menzies School of Health Research
2023
Universidad de Granada
2022
Burnet Institute
2009-2021
Melbourne Health
2015
Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research
2006-2014
Molecular assays for monitoring sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum have not been implemented because of the genetic and statistical complexity parasite mutations that confer resistance their relation to treatment outcomes. This study analyzed pretreatment dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genotypes outcomes in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine chlorproguanildapsone uncomplicated P. malaria. Multiple logistic...
In sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria are among the leading causes of morbidity during pregnancy. We reviewed available information collected since first report 15 years ago that HIV impaired ability pregnant women to control parasitemia. Results from 11 studies showed HIV-infected experienced consistently more peripheral placental (summary relative risk = 1.58 1.66, respectively), higher parasite densities, febrile illnesses, severe anemia, adverse birth...
Plasmodium falciparum is the major cause of malaria globally and transmitted by mosquitoes. During parasitic development, P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (P. falciparum-IEs) express multiple polymorphic proteins known as variant surface antigens (VSAs), including erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). VSA-specific antibodies are associated with protection from symptomatic severe malaria. However, importance different VSA targets immunity to remains unclear, which has impeded an...
Placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria can trigger intervillositis, a local inflammatory response more strongly associated with low birthweight than placental infection alone. Fetal growth (and therefore birthweight) is dependent on amino acid transport, which impaired in malaria-associated intervillositis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, pathway known to regulate inhibited contributing lower birthweight.We determined link between mTOR...
Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to cerebral postcapillary venular endothelium is believed be a critical step in the development malaria. Some possible receptors mediating adherence have been identified, but process vivo poorly understood. We investigated role carbohydrate ligands adherence, and we identified chondroitin sulfate (CS) as specific receptor for P. erythrocytes. Parasitized cells bound Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) C32 melanoma sulfate-dependent manner,...
Maternal anemia and low birth weight (LBW) may complicate malaria in pregnancy, placental monocyte infiltrates have been associated with LBW, anecdotally anemia. We examined pathology from 357 Malawian women. Intervillous were frequent not seen uninfected placentas. Histology was grouped according to a 5-point scale. Dense presence of intramonocytic pigment LBW. Of factors LBW and/or univariate analysis, gravidity ( P = 0.002), number antenatal clinic (ANC) visits < 0.001), fibrin 0.03),...
Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy is an important cause of maternal and infant morbidity mortality. Accumulation large numbers P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the blood spaces placenta may be mediated by adhesion infected to molecules presented on syncytiotrophoblast surface. In this study, isolates from placentas peripheral pregnant women children were tested for binding purified receptors agglutination with adult sera. Results suggest that chondroitin sulfate A involved...
Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the relative effect of malaria infection on HIV concentration in blood plasma, and prospectively monitor viral concentrations after antimalarial therapy. Design: A prospective, double cohort designed compare HIV-1 RNA HIV-positive individuals with without acute illness. Subjects were followed for 4 weeks successful therapy, or from enrollment (controls). Methods: Malawian adults symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia (malaria group)...
Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) is an important receptor for the sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum in placenta, but parasite ligand involved adhesion has not previously been identified. Here we report identification a var gene transcribed association with binding to CSA and present evidence that P. erythrocyte membrane protein 1 product mediating binding. Description this implication as paves way more detailed understanding pathogenesis placental infection potential therapeutic strategies...
Evidence from clinical studies and murine models supports a role for cytokines in the pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria (CM). In this study, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to investigate expression mRNA transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis (TNF)-alpha postmortem tissue. Immunohistochemistry examine distribution cytokine protein. TGF-beta expressed normal brain, CM, meningitis encephalitis. IL-1beta absent brain...
Pregnant women are susceptible to malaria during pregnancy. Plasmodium falciparum, which sequesters in the placenta, causes greatest disease, contributing significantly maternal and infant mortality. Parasitized cells placenta express unique variant surface antigens (VSA), predominantly VAR2CSA protein, lack of immunity these pregnancy-specific explains some pregnancy-associated susceptibility. Changes acquired cellular pregnancy also appear important. Placental inflammatory responses,...
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in millions of infections, hundreds thousands deaths and major societal disruption due to lockdowns other restrictions introduced limit disease spread. Relatively little attention been paid understanding how the affected treatment, prevention control malaria, which is a cause death predominantly affects people less well-resourced settings. Main body Recent successes malaria elimination have reduced global burden, but these gains are...