In most organisms, primordial germ cells (PGCs) arise far from the region where somatic gonadal precursors (SGPs) are specified. Although PGCs in general originate as a single cluster of cells, parts gonad form on each site embryo. Thus, to reach gonad, not only migrate their origin but also split into two groups. Taking advantage high-resolution real-time imaging, we show that Drosophila melanogaster polarized and directionally toward SGPs, avoiding midline. Unexpectedly, neither PGC...

Despite significant progress in identifying the guidance pathways that control cell migration, how a starts to move within an intact organism, acquires motility, and loses contact with its neighbors is poorly understood. We show activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) trapped endoderm 1 (Tre1) directs redistribution protein Gbeta as well adherens junction proteins Rho guanosine triphosphatase from periphery lagging tail germ cells at onset Drosophila melanogaster migration....

Lipid phosphates can act as signaling molecules to influence cell division, apoptosis, and migration. wunen wunen2 encode Drosophila lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases, integral membrane enzymes that dephosphorylate extracellular phosphates. wun wun2 redundantly in somatic tissues repel migrating germ cells, although the mechanism by which cells respond is unclear. Here, we report also functions enabling them perceive wun/wun2 –related signal from soma. Upon Wun2 expression, cultured insect...

Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are integral membrane enzymes that regulate the levels of bioactive lipids such as sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid. The Drosophila LPPs Wunen (Wun) Wunen-2 (Wun2) have a well-established role in regulating survival migration germ cells. We now show wun has an essential tissue-autonomous development trachea: catalytic activity Wun is required to maintain septate junction (SJ) paracellular barrier function, loss which causes failure...

In Drosophila, germ cell survival and directionality of migration are controlled by two lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP), wunen (wun) wunen-2 (wun2). wun wun2 double mutant analysis reveals that the genes, hereafter collectively called wunens, act redundantly in primordial cells. We find wunens mediate cell-germ repulsion this is necessary for dispersal proper transepithelial at onset equal sorting cells between embryonic gonads during their migration. propose function optimizes adult...

Summary Vasa is a DEAD box helicase expressed in the Drosophila germline at all stages of development. vasa homologs are found widely animals and has become gene choice identifying germ cells. I now show that expression not restricted to but also somatic lineage, embryonic gonadal precursor This sexually dimorphic, being maintained specifically males, regulated post-transcriptionally. Although required for gonad coalescence, these data support notion solely factor.

At the transition from meiosis to cleavage mitoses, Drosophilarequires cell cycle regulators encoded by genes, giant nuclei(gnu), plutonium (plu) and pan gu(png). Embryos lacking Gnu protein undergo DNA replication centrosome proliferation without chromosome condensation or mitotic segregation. We have identified gnu gene encoding a novel phosphoprotein dephosphorylated Protein phosphatase 1 at egg activation. is normally expressed in nurse cells oocyte of ovary degraded during embryonic...

Organs develop distinctive morphologies to fulfill their unique functions. We used Drosophila embryonic gonads as a model study how two different cell lineages, primordial germ cells (PGCs) and somatic gonadal precursors (SGPs), combine form one organ. developed membrane GFP marker image SGP behaviors live. These studies show that combination of shape changes inward movement anterior posterior SGPs leads the compaction spherical gonad. This process is disrupted in mutants actin regulator,...

Quantitative information about the range of influence extracellular signalling molecules is critical for understanding their effects, but difficult to determine in complex and dynamic 3 dimensional environment a living embryo. Drosophila germ cells migrate during embryogenesis use spatial provided by expression lipid phosphate phosphatases called Wunens reach somatic gonad. However whether guidance requires cell contact or involves diffusible signal not known. We substituted wild type Wunen...

During development, many cell types migrate along stereotyped routes determined through deployment of surface or secreted guidance molecules. Although we know the identity these molecules, distances over which they natively operate can be difficult to determine. Here, have quantified range an attractive signal for migration Drosophila germ cells. Their is guided by generated expression genes in 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) pathway, and a repulsive Wunens. We...

Mutation of the Drosophila maternal cell cycle regulator, Gnu, results in loss embryonic mitosis and onset excessive nuclear DNA replication. The Gnu phosphoprotein is normally synthesized nurse cells transported to developing oocyte. We created a gnuGFP-bcd3'UTR transgene using gnu promoter bicoid 3'UTR, that translates GnuGFP only on egg activation from localized anterior source. This was able rescue sterility mutant females. therefore first required after for polar body condensation...

Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a class of enzymes that can dephosphorylate number lysophopholipids in vitro. Analysis knockouts LPP family members has demonstrated striking but diverse developmental roles for these enzymes. LPP3 is required mouse vascular development while the Drosophila LPPs Wunen (Wun) and Wunen2 (Wun2) during embryogenesis germ cell migration survival. In recent publication we examined if fly have further found Wun proper tracheal formation. particular highlight...

ABSTRACT Teaching aspects of neuroscience to large undergraduate classes can be difficult in terms the cost equipment involved such as microscopes and electrophysiology equipment, time taken master techniques dissection or intracellular recording, ethical concerns when using vertebrates. Here, I describe a practical that uses behavioral readouts optogenetics on Drosophila implemented with minimal well reduced mostly observational techniques. The used teach genetics tools for manipulating...

The eggshell that surrounds insect eggs acts as a barrier, protecting against biotic factors and desiccation. is multi-layered structure which synthesised by the somatic follicle cells surround developing oocyte. Although temporal order of expression protein components goes someway to explaining how different layers are built up, but precise three-dimensional achieved lipid responsible for desiccation resistance incorporated poorly understood. In this paper, we demonstrate wunen, encodes...