Abstract Despite the fact that Ta 3 N 5 absorbs a major fraction of visible spectrum, rapid decrease photocurrent encountered in water photoelectrolysis over time remains serious hurdle for practical application photoelectrodes. Here, by employing Co O 4 nanoparticle oxidation catalyst (WOC) as well an alkaline electrolyte, photostability electrode is significantly improved. /Ta photoanode exhibits best durability against photocorrosion to date, when compared with Co(OH) x and IrO 2...

Significance To study the systematic variation of dendrite diameters, we established a superresolution method that allows us to resolve diameters in Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization neurons, model cell for studying branching morphogenesis. Interestingly, do not follow any known scaling laws. We propose different law follows from two concepts: Terminal branches have smallest whose average is about 230 nm, and there an incremental increase cross-sectional area needed support each...

How to describe the ``electric double layer'' that is at root of all electrokinetic phenomena such as electrophoresis and electro-osmosis? A new theoretical approach, introducing concept a surface potential trap applying constraint global charge neutrality rigorously, answers this century-old question in context contemporary electrokinetics involving nanoscale systems time-dependent electric fields.

In polycrystals, faceted grains may become round and rough at high temperatures. Such a roughening phenomenon remains poorly understood, partly because of the lack experimental observations. Here, we directly visualize dynamics grain boundaries inside thin-film colloidal crystals single-particle level using video microscopy. The thermal fluctuations appear to exhibit both static dynamic critical-like behaviors, in contrast Kosterlitz-Thouless transition typical free surface roughening. point...

Branching allows neurons to make synaptic contacts with large numbers of other neurons, facilitating the high connectivity nervous systems. Neuronal arbors have geometric properties such as branch lengths and diameters that are optimal in they maximize signaling speeds while minimizing construction costs. In this work, we asked whether neuronal topological may also optimize their growth or function. We discovered for a wide range invertebrate vertebrate distributions subtree sizes follow...

Quantification of molecular numbers and concentrations in living cells is critical for testing models complex biological phenomena. Counting molecules requires estimation the fluorescence intensity single molecules, which generally limited to imaging near cell surfaces, isolated cells, or where motions are diffusive. To circumvent this difficulty, we have devised a calibration technique spinning-disk confocal microscopy, commonly used tissues, that uses single-step bleaching kinetics...

We measured the intrinsic electrophoretic drag coefficient of a single charged particle by optically trapping and applying an AC electric field, found it to be markedly different from that Stokes drag. The coefficient, along with electrical force, yield mobility-zeta potential relation agrees literature. By using mobility as input, numerical calculations based on Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations, coupled Navier–Stokes equation, reveal intriguing microscopic electroosmotic flow near surface,...

Abstract The systematic variation of diameters in branched networks has tantalized biologists since the discovery da Vinci’s rule for trees. Da can be formulated as a power law with exponent two: square mother branch’s diameter is equal to sum squares those daughters. Power laws, different exponents, have been proposed branching circulatory systems and neurons. laws derived theoretically, based on optimality arguments, but, most part, not tested rigorously. In case neuronal dendrites,...

In confined nanoscale structures, such as nanopores or nanotubes, the polar characteristic of water can be evident; while in bulk droplet form, it is masked by statistical molecular arrangements dictated free energy minimization. this paper, we show that, under an applied electric field, character molecules enables formation macroscopic scale columns vapor penetrating through a silicone oil bath. These are up to 60 \ensuremath{\mu}m length and tens microns cross-sectional dimension. We have...

capacitance and the so-called pK pL values that reflects surface reactivity, (2) isoelectronic point at which charge layer is neutralized, in conjunction with variation as a function of solution acidity (pH), (3) appearance Donnan potential arises from formation an electrical double inlet regions nano-channel connected to bulk reservoir.All theory predictions are shown be good agreement experimental observations.

Branching of dendrites and axons allows neurons to make synaptic contacts with large numbers other neurons, facilitating the high connectivity nervous system. Neurons have geometric properties, such as lengths diameters their branches, that change systematically throughout arbor in ways are thought minimize construction costs optimize transmission electrical signals intracellular transport materials. In this work, we investigated whether neuronal arbors also topological properties reflect...

The Poisson Boltzmann equation is known for its success in describing the Debye layer that arises from charge separation phenomenon at silica/water interface. However, by treating only mobile ionic charges liquid, accounts half of electrical double layer, with other half, surface being beyond computational domain. In this work, we take a holistic approach to interface treating, within single domain, comprises both ions liquid and density. Nernst Planck equations are used as rigorous basis...

Recently, a temperature-sensitive long-range attraction colloidal system exhibiting melting and pre-melting of crystals has been reported by Li et al.[1]. If it is true, would be an ideal to simulate board range phase transitions happening in atomic systems. We have reanalyzed their data [1] discovered great inconsistency radial distribution functions g(r) pair potentials u(r). tried reproduce experimental results but failed find the long rang as al. Based on our observations, conclude that...

Abstract Branching of dendrites and axons allows neurons to make synaptic contacts with large numbers other neurons, facilitating the high connectivity nervous system. Neurons have geometric properties, such as lengths diameters their branches, that change systematically throughout arbor in ways are thought minimize construction costs optimize transmission electrical signals intracellular transport materials. In this work, we investigated whether neuronal arbors also topological properties...

Abstract Quantification of molecular numbers and concentrations in living cells is critical for testing models complex biological phenomena. Counting molecules requires estimation the fluorescence intensity single molecules, which generally limited to imaging near cell surfaces, isolated cells, or where motions are diffusive. To circumvent this difficulty, we have devised a calibration technique spinning-disk confocal (SDC) microscopy, commonly used tissues, that uses single-step bleaching...