The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in human body, but its biomechanics have not been as extensively researched other body joints, leading to a fundamental gap understanding physiological characteristics and diagnostics related disorders. This work introduces measurement system that applies precise counterforce against mouth opening, enabling study jaw motion under both static dynamic conditions. Unlike conventional methods, this assesses mandibular function...

Piezoelectrets (or ferroelectrets) are polarized cellular polymers exhibiting outstanding piezoelectric activity. Recently, a new manufacturing route has been introduced by combining 3-D-printed elastomeric soft grids and bulk fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) thin films to build an artificial ferroelectret sandwich <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d} _{{33}}$...

The development of piezoelectric sensors using ferroelectrets is a very active field that increasingly gaining importance. Recently, 3D-printing ferroelectret fused deposition modeling technique has been extensively investigated due to its unparalleled advantages in terms design flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, printed structures are more rigid than bulk materials the minimal printable thicknesses. In this work, we present new method combines with high performance by bonding...

Abstract Continuum robots are inspired by biological trunks, snakes and tentacles. Unlike conventional robot manipulators, there no rigid structures or joints. Advantageous is the ease of miniaturization combined with high dexterity, since limiting components such as bearings gears can be omitted. Most currently used actuation elements in continuum require a large drive unit electric motors similar mechanisms. Contrarily, shape memory alloys (SMAs) integrated into actual robot. The realized...

We present a multi-axis force sensor capable of measuring both axial forces and bending moments that is integrable into cavity within M20 bolt. This cavity, which reduces the resilience bolt by 23.5 %, and, thus, corresponds to reduction only one strength class, designed conducting finite element analysis. The featuring diameter 13.9 mm length 19.5 based on deformation body consists three beams. manufactured applied with strain gauge each inner outer beam surface providing half-bridge...

We present a 10 N nominal needle tip force sensor based on silicon-based semiconductor strain gauges that can be used in brachytherapy or biopsies. As deformation body the guiding rod of such surgical with diameter 1.2 mm is used. In thinned area, near needle, gauge, as sensing element, applied flexible PCB for electrical connection. Two needles are built and characterized using testing machine. The sensors provide sensitivities 6.1 mV/N 6.4 only 1 mA supply current bridge, respectively....

Attempts in research to equip robotic end-effectors with tactile sensing facilitate an advanced environment perception and provide the means for dexterous interaction. Sensing at fingertips can be realized using force sensors. In this work, we present additively manufactured universal force-sensor offering structural integration accomplish fast adaptation application-specific needs. The piezoresistive sensor consists of commercially available conductive polylactic acid (PLA). Its geometry is...

Advanced acoustic levitation devices featuring flexible, lightweight, wide bandwidth, and film-like transducers based on ferroelectrets are designed fabricated for sophisticated manipulation of particles in a simple way. Owing to the unique properties ferroelectret films, such as high piezoelectric activity, very small impedance, relatively large damping ratio, flexibility, area, density, levitator reported features wider bandwidth compared ceramic-based levitators. The transportation...

Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) can partially replace X-ray guidance in minimally invasive procedures, reducing radiation the OR. However, this hybrid setting, EMT is disturbed by metallic distortion caused device. We plan to make navigation clinical reality reduce exposure for patients and surgeons, compensating error.

In a minimally invasive surgery, new flexible instruments enable safer and easier access to difficult-to-reach anatomical regions. However, their introduction into the clinical workflow requires robust replanning because navigation errors during surgery render initially planned trajectories infeasible. Such regularly solve an expensive two-point boundary value problem (BVP) that connects target pose of instrument with currently measured one. We propose hybrid planning scheme features both...

We present a 15 N nominal force sensor, manufactured with disruptive method based on laser-based powder-bed-fusion. This additive manufacturing process enables the application-specific realization of deformation element for structural integrated sensor condition monitoring applications. Manufacturing is done by interupting powder-bed-fusion after printing base body, i.e. to insert steel plate as measuring carrier. The then continued create firmly bonded material connection. In order...

We present a method for manufacturing 3D-printed strain gauges by means of fused filament fabrication that are suitable experimental stress analysis applications. The gauge (SG) is based on multilayer structure, which similar to the design conventional metal foil SGs. This involves printing meander-shaped measuring grid layer consisting conductive compound non-conductive PLA serves as substrate. In order evaluate sensing behavior SG, it bonded onto steel plate cold curing superglue undergoes...

Laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) as an additive manufacturing (AM) process allows the integration of sensors at any location within manufactured part. This for smart parts that can be integrated into complex structures monitoring applications, they perform in situ measurements. Especially, force and torque is gaining increasing interest. However, a proper strain transmission from mechanically loaded part to embedded sensing element must ensured, performance such strongly dependent on it....

Recently, Fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) tubes have been thermally fused to form ferroelectrets with a parallel-tunnel structure well-defined air gaps thereby improving their applicability for energy harvesting applications. These structures exhibit mechanical and electric properties, mostly depending on geometry, which result in structure-specific longitudinal transversal piezoelectric coupling coefficients (d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Bite force is an important characteristic of the masticatory systems functional state. Especially asymmetries are potential indicators for malfunctions such as temporo-mandibular disorders or dysgnathia. By measuring bilaterally, i.e. simultaneously on left and right side, it possible to quantify asymmetries. Currently, there a lack bite sensors combining low measurement uncertainty (less than 5%) with capability bilaterally. We present 1000 N nominal sensor height 9 mm, which enables...

Sensor-integrating machine elements (SiME) are essential enablers for digitization in the industry. There major challenges development of SiME as an interdisciplinary mechatronic system, requiring methodical support. In this work, we address these and aim to provide methods tools by analyzing state-of-the-art ten ongoing projects sensor integration elements. Clustering shows similarities example identification design space or weakening structure. Based on this, a test-driven process with...

For quality control and functionality testing, Contact Normal Forces F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</sub> need to be measured in multi contact point connectors like MCON 8 with the least mating cycles possible. This article is about design characterization of a 4-channel gage. Each channel gage consists metal transducer foil strain The forces range from 2 N N. built-up modular way, connected data acquisition (DAQ), its...

Lateral mandibular movement is essential for grinding previously ingested food. By measuring the maximum lateral force of mandible, it possible to quantify functionality this important movement. However, state-of-the-art sensors utilize application through teeth, causing unknown measurement uncertainties, and, thus, making them unsuitable qualitative measurements. We present a system with nominal 200 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...