Haematological and inflammatory biomarkers play an important role in athlete performance health, with some of them used the fight against doping. However, little is known about how they are modulated by sex hormone fluctuations highly trained female athletes. We therefore measured haematological parameters monitored biological passport (ABP) as well erythropoietin, serum markers iron statuses (iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation, albumin, creatinine, total protein,...

Abstract Purpose Despite the significant number of female athletes using combined oral contraceptives (COCs), there is scant literature on their hormonal and metabolic effects across different phases. Methods In order to contribute a wider knowledge COC-action mechanisms involved in athletes’ performance health, we therefore examined low-dose monophasic COC (ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel) intake sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, hormone binding protein (SHBG)) as well large pituitary...

Infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) have difficulty with, and show delays in, acquiring functional skills, such as walking. This study examined whether infants MMC will respond to treadmill practice by producing stepping patterns or at least motor activity during the first year after birth. also compared trajectories of across age those typical development (TD) analyze characteristics in early life.Twelve (lumbar sacral lesions) 12 TD were participants this study.The tested on a ages 1, 3,...

Previous research has described kinetic characteristics of treadmill steps in very stable steppers, cross-sectional designs. In this study we examined, longitudinally, muscle activation patterns during stepping, without practice, 12 healthy infants at 1, 6, and mo age. We assessed lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, biceps femoris as stepped on a twelve 20-s trials. Infants showed clear changes kinematics, such increased step frequency, heel contact touch down, more...

Abstract A growing literature shows that perception and action are already tightly coupled in the newborn. The current study aimed to examine nature of coupling between olfactory stimuli from mother newborn's crawling rooting (exploratory movements head). To coupling, behavior 28 2‐day‐old newborns were studied while they supported prone on a mobility device shaped like mini skateboard, Crawliskate®, their head positioned directly top pad infused with either mother's breast odor (Maternal)...

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) on female students' self perceptio their menstrual cycle symptoms. Methods: Healthy French students (n = 834) completed an online questionnaire assess PA level (Group 1: non-active; Group 2: moderate activity; 3: high 4: very activity), status or contraception use, self-reported diet medication, impact engagement in some social activities, self-assessment...

In Brief Purpose: One obstacle to providing early intervention infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) is the challenge of quantifying impaired neuromotor control movements in life. Methods: We used nonlinear analysis tool Approximate Entropy (ApEn) analyze periodicity and complexity supine spontaneous lower extremity MMC typical development (TD) at 1, 3, 6, 9 months age. Results: Movements were more regular repeatable (lower ApEn values) than TD, indicating less adaptive flexible movement...

Motor variability is a fundamental feature of developing systems allowing motor exploration and learning. In human infants, leg movements involve small number basic coordination patterns called locomotor primitives, but whether when could emerge from these primitives remains unknown. Here we longitudinally followed 18 infants on 2-3 time points between birth (~4 days old) walking onset (~14 months recorded the activity their muscles during or rhythmic movements. Using unsupervised machine...

In Brief Purpose: To determine the effect of enhanced sensory input on step frequency infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) when supported a motorized treadmill. Methods: Twenty-seven aged 2 to 10 months MMC lesions at, or caudal to, L1 participated. We upright treadmill for sets 6 trials, each 30 seconds long. Enhanced inputs within set were presented in random order and included baseline, visual flow, unloading, weights, Velcro, friction. Results: Overall friction flow significantly...

Movement vigor is an important feature of motor control that thought to originate from cortico-basal ganglia circuits and processes shared with decision-making, such as temporal reward discounting. Accordingly, may be related one’s relationship time, which may, in turn, reflect a general trait-like individuality. While significant interindividual differences have been typically reported for isolated tasks, little known about the consistency across tasks movement effectors. Here, we assessed...

Introduction Walking in adults relies on a small number of modules, reducing the degrees freedom that needs to be regulated by central nervous system (CNS). While walking toddlers seems also involve modules when considering averaged or single-step data, produce high amount variability across strides, and extent which this interacts with modularity remains unclear. Methods Electromyographic activity from 10 bilateral lower limb muscles was recorded both ( n = 12) over 8 gait cycles. Toddlers...

ABSTRACT To shed further light on infant stepping, we investigated whether newborns could step a treadmill and adapt their steps to graded velocities. Twenty‐one (mean = 3 days) were supported for 60 s trials that was static or moved at 13.4, 17.2, 23.4 cm/s. Video analysis revealed made more real than in‐place “pumps” the moving 17.2 While had no effect arousal, stepping increased showed higher quality coordination across conditions when infants crying. These findings suggest interventions...

We assessed lower limb muscle activity during the execution of first and second tennis serves, exploring whether extent these differences is influenced by chosen method for normalising surface electromyography (EMG) data. Ten male competitive players completed three rounds maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MVC) knee extensors plantar flexors left (front) right (back) leg separately, squat jumps. Afterward, they executed ten ten-second serves. Surface EMG four muscles (vastus...

Résumé Cet article retrace les principaux résultats d’un programme de recherche, mené dans le domaine l’acquisition habiletés motrices complexes. Ces travaux visaient à appliquer l’étude dynamique des coordinations l’apprentissage complexes, souvent proches la motricité sportive. L’apprentissage est décrit comme transition entre une coordination spontanée, exploitée lors premiers essais, et experte, adoptée après un certain nombre d’essais. Les caractéristiques cette suggèrent vision...

Recent experiments on the ski simulator produced ambiguous results and raised unanswered questions concerning true nature of "novice" behavior occurrence behavioral changes during learning. The aim present experiment was to analyze evolving three beginners six practice sessions a position apparatus platform recorded as time series used for constructing dynamical models, including stiffness damping functions. showed that novices tended exploit Rayleigh first trials then transition toward van...

Abstract Motor variability is a fundamental feature of developing systems allowing motor exploration and learning. In human infants, leg movements involve small number basic coordination patterns called locomotor primitives, but whether when could emerge from these primitives remains unknown. Here we longitudinally followed 10 neonates (∼4 days old) until walking onset (∼14 months recorded the activity their muscles during or rhythmic movements. Using unsupervised machine learning, show that...

Motor behaviors are often hypothesized to be set up from the combination of a small number modules encoded in central nervous system. These thought combine such that variety motor tasks can realized, reproducible as walking more unusual locomotor typically exhibit step-by-step variability. We investigated impact variability on modular architecture compared with walking. To this aim, 20 adults had perform and two modes locomotion inspired by developmental milestones (cruising crawling)....

In Brief Purpose: To characterize how infants with myelomeningocele (MMC) activate lower limb muscles over the first year of life, without practice, while stepping on a motorized treadmill. Methods: Twelve MMC were tested longitudinally at 1, 6, and 12 months. Electromyography was used to collect data from tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris. Results: Across year, showed no electromyographic activity for approximately 50% stride cycle poor rhythmicity...

The severity of myelomeningocele (MMC) stems both from a loss neurons due to neural tube defect and function in viable reduced movement experience during the first year after birth. In young infants with MMC, challenge is reinforce excitability voluntary control all available neurons. Muscle vibration paired may increase motoneuron contribute improvements organization, responsiveness, control.This study examined whether or without MMC respond by altering their step stance behavior when...