Microsatellite null alleles are commonly encountered in population genetics studies, yet little is known about their impact on the estimation of differentiation. Computer simulations based coalescent were used to investigate evolutionary dynamics alleles, FST and genetic distances, efficiency estimators allele frequency. Further, we explored how existing method for correcting genotype data performed estimating compared this with a new proposed here (for only). Null likely be populations...

The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, is the most widely distributed grasshopper species in world. However, its global genetic structure and phylogeographic relationships have not been investigated. In this study, we explored worldwide phylogeography of locust populations based on sequence information 65 complete mitochondrial genomes three genes 263 individuals from 53 sampling sites. Although can migrate over long distances, our results revealed high differentiation among geographic...

An understanding of the role factors intrinsic to a species' life history in structuring contemporary genetic variation is fundamental, but understudied, aspect evolutionary biology. Here, we assessed influence propensity outbreak shaping worldwide Locusta migratoria, cosmopolitan pest well known for its expression density-dependent phase polyphenism. We scored 14 microsatellites nine subspecies from 25 populations distributed over most range regions that vary historical frequency and extent...

Abstract Drosophila subobscura is a Palearctic species that was first observed in South and North America the early 1980s, rapidly invaded broad latitudinal ranges on both continents. To trace source history of this invasion, we obtained genotypic data nine microsatellite loci from two American, American five European populations D. subobscura. We analysed these with traditional statistics as well an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework. ABC methods yielded strongest support for...

How do invasive pests affect interactions between members of pre-existing agrosystems? The pest Drosophila suzukii is suspected to be involved in the aetiology sour rot, a grapevine disease that otherwise develops following melanogaster infestation wounded berries. We combined field observations with laboratory assays disentangle relative roles both development. observed emergence numerous D. , but no flies, from bunches started showing mild rot symptoms days after collection. However,...

Abstract The desert locust is an agricultural pest that able to switch from a harmless solitarious stage, during recession periods, swarms of gregarious individuals disperse long distances and affect areas western Africa India outbreak periods. Large outbreaks have been recorded through centuries, the Food Agriculture Organization keeps long‐term, large‐scale monitoring survey database in area. However, there also much less known subspecies occupies limited area Southern Africa. We used...

Abstract An accurate estimation of parasitism rates and diversity parasitoids crop insect pests is a prerequisite for exploring processes leading to efficient natural biocontrol. Traditional methods such as rearing have been often limited by taxonomic identification, mortality intensive work, but the advent high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques, DNA metabarcoding, increasingly seen reliable powerful alternative approach. Little has done explore benefits an approach estimating...

The Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, is among the most promising species to unravel suites of genes underling density-dependent shift from shy and cryptic solitarious behaviour highly active aggregating gregarious that characteristic locusts. This because it lacks many major phenotypic changes in colour morphology accompany phase change other locust species. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) sensitive method available for determining...

In a context of unprecedented insect decline, it is critical to have reliable monitoring tools measure species diversity and their dynamic at large‐scales. High‐throughput DNA‐based identification methods, particularly metabarcoding, were proposed as an effective way reach this aim. However, these methods are subject multiple technical limitations, resulting in unavoidable false‐positive false‐negative detection. Moreover, metabarcoding does not allow estimation abundance given sample, which...

ABSTRACT The bestRAD technique is a reduced genome representation approach with high‐capacity sample multiplexing and physical isolation of biotin‐labelled target DNA fragments using streptavidin beads, which should reduce total cost genotyping errors. While we here formalise the relevance this within HTS landscape, our foremost aim was to improve its replicability, validity, transparency. We first optimised molecular laboratory protocol shared associated protocols (e.g., final detailed...

The potential effect of population outbreaks on within and between genetic variation populations in pest species has rarely been assessed. In this study, we compare patterns different sets historically frequently outbreaking an agricultural major importance, the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. We analyse 24 at 14 microsatellites Western Europe, where only ancient low-intensity have reported (non-outbreaking populations), Madagascar Northern China, frequent intense outbreak events...

Understanding dispersal ability in pest species is critical for both theoretical aspects of evolutionary and population biology from a practical standpoint, such as implementing effective forecasting systems. The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), an economically important pest, but few data exist on its ability. Here, we used mitochondrial nuclear markers to elucidate the genetic structure SBPH parasitic bacterium Wolbachia throughout temperate subtropical...

Linking demographic and genetic dispersal measures is of fundamental importance for movement ecology evolution. However, such integration can be difficult, particularly highly fecund species that are often the target management decisions guided by an understanding population movement. Here, we present example how influence large sizes preclude approaches from assessing structuring, even at a continental scale. The Australian plague locust, Chortoicetes terminifera, significant pest, with...

We examined the level of intra‐individual variation in a region mitochondrial genome coding for cytochrome oxydase 1 ( COI ) two grasshopper species using clone‐and‐sequence analysis hundreds sequences. In both Locusta migratoria and Chortoicetes terminifera , we found that 60–65% clones were unique ‐like Among these sequences, 70–75% diverged by less than 1% from real haplotypes, likely to represent microheteroplasmic molecules. About 20% sequences more 9% generally included stop codons,...

Summary Visualisation of spatial networks based on pairwise metrics such as (dis)similarity coefficients provides direct information organisation biological systems. However, for large networks, graphical representations are often unreadable nodes (samples), and edges (links between samples) strongly overlap. We present a new method, MAPI, allowing translation from to variation surfaces. MAPI relies (i) network in which samples linked by ellipses (ii) grid hexagonal cells encompassing the...

Abstract Between plagues, the solitarious desert locust ( Schistocerca gregaria ) is generally thought to exist as small populations, which are particularly prone extinction events in arid regions of Africa and Asia. Given high genetic structuring observed one geographical area (the Eritrean coast) by former authors, a metapopulation dynamics model involving repeated colonization was favoured. In this study, we assessed validity demographic scenario temporary populations phase analysing...

Dispersal may be strongly influenced by landscape and habitat characteristics that could either enhance or restrict movements of organisms. Therefore, spatial heterogeneity in structure influence gene flow the populations. In past decades, agricultural intensification has led to reduction grassland surfaces, their fragmentation intensification. As these changes are not homogeneously distributed landscapes, they have resulted with generally less intensified hedged farmland areas remaining...

This study addresses geographic variation of body size and shape allele frequencies at 21 microsatellite loci in southern African populations the desert locust, Schistocercagregaria. These populations, which belong to subspecies S. g. flaviventris, lack capacity change phase swarm relative northern nominate subspecies, gregaria. We reported overall genetic morphological similarities among localities that cover most range. Of particular interest, level diversity was moderately lower than...

Abstract Unravelling variation among taxonomic orders regarding the rate of evolution in microsatellites is crucial for evolutionary biology and population genetics research. The mean mutation tends to be lower arthropods than vertebrates, but data are scarce mostly concern accumulation mutations model species. Based on parent–offspring segregations a hierarchical Bayesian model, orthopteran insect Schistocerca gregaria was estimated at 2.1e −4 per generation untranscribed dinucleotide...

Abstract Because of the scarcity polymorphic genetic markers available in locust species, only a few population genetics studies have been carried out on this taxon. We isolated and characterized 11 microsatellite loci pest Locusta migratoria capito, described experimental conditions for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplexing simultaneously genotyping these loci. The number alleles per locus ranged from six to 25, expected heterozygosity 0.431 0.957. Results cross‐taxon amplification...

Abstract We evaluated the validity of subspecific designation for Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) and flaviventris (Burmeister), isolated in distinct regions along north–south axis Africa. Towards this goal, we assessed variation multiple morphological molecular traits within species. first used elliptic Fourier landmark‐based relative warps analyses to compare size shape two internal external structures male genitalia. provide a discriminant function which classified specimens with 100%...