We derive a relativistic chiral kinetic equation with manifest Lorentz covariance from Wigner functions of spin-1/2 massless fermions in constant background electromagnetic field. It contains vorticity terms and four-dimensional Euclidean Berry monopole which gives an axial anomaly. By integrating out the zeroth component 4-momentum p, we reproduce previous three-dimensional results derived Hamiltonian approach, together newly terms. The phase space continuity has anomalous source term...

A power expansion scheme is set up to determine the Wigner function that satisfies quantum kinetic equation for spin-1/2 charged fermions in a background electromagnetic field. Vector and axial-vector current induced by magnetic field vorticity are obtained simultaneously from function. The chiral vortical effect anomaly shown as natural consequences of equation. argued lead local polarization along direction heavy-ion collisions.

Off-central relativistic heavy ion collisions impart very large orbital angular momenta onto the quark-gluon plasma, creating a strong vortex in initial hot fluid and appearing eventually, via spin-vorticity coupling, as particle polarization. From vorticity field given by multi-phase transport model authors compute global polarization of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ baryons which is agreement with experimental data. This suggests that spin hadron could provide information on plasma flow.

We calculate the Wigner function for massive $\mathrm{spin}\text{\ensuremath{-}}1/2$ particles in an inhomogeneous electromagnetic field to leading order Planck constant $\ensuremath{\hbar}$. Going beyond $\ensuremath{\hbar}$ we then derive a generalized Boltzmann equation which force exerted by on particle dipole moment arises naturally. Furthermore, kinetic this is derived. Carefully taking massless limit find agreement with previous results. The case of global equilibrium rotation also...

Fermions become polarized in a vortical fluid due to spin-vorticity coupling, and the polarization density is proportional local vorticity. The radial expansion converts spatial structures transverse plane spin correlations azimuthal angle of final Λ hyperons' momentum high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Using (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions from multiphase transport (AMPT) model, we reveal two that are common many dynamic systems: right-handed toroidal...

We study the local structure of vorticity field and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ polarization in Au+Au collisions energy range $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7.7--200\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ Pb+Pb at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2760\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ using a multiphase transport model. focus on arising from nonuniform expansion fireball, which gives circular transverse...

We derive the collision term in Boltzmann equation using of motion for Wigner function massive spin-1/2 particles. To next-to-lowest order $\hbar$ it contains a nonlocal contribution, which is responsible conversion orbital into spin angular momentum. In proper choice pseudo-gauge antisymmetric part energy-momentum tensor arises solely from this contribution. show that vanishes only global equilibrium and potential then equal to thermal vorticity. nonrelativistic limit, equations tensors...

Polarized quarks and antiquarks in high-energy heavy-ion collisions can lead to the spin alignment of vector mesons formed by quark coalescence. Using relativistic Boltzmann equation for derived from Kadanoff-Baym equations with an effective quark-meson model strong interaction coalescence hadronizaton, we calculate density matrix element ρ_{00} ϕ show that anisotropies local field correlations respect quantization direction meson's alignment. We propose correlation or fluctuation fields is...

Hadron spectra and elliptic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are studied within a (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions given by the AMPT Monte Carlo model. Results from event-by-event simulations compared experimental data at both Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Large energies. Fluctuations energy density come not only number of coherent soft interactions overlapping nucleons but also incoherent semi-hard parton scatterings each binary nucleon...

Partons produced in the early stage of noncentral heavy-ion collisions can develop a longitudinal fluid shear because unequal local number densities participant target and projectile nucleons. Under such shear, parton pairs with nonvanishing impact parameters have finite relative orbital angular momentum along direction opposite to reaction plane. Such among locally interacting quark lead global polarization same spin-orbital coupling. Local is estimated within both Landau fireball Bjorken...

Fermions become polarized in a vorticular fluid due to spin-vorticity coupling. Such polarization can be calculated from the Wigner function quantum kinetic approach. Extending previous results for chiral fermions, we derive massive fermions up next-to-leading order spatial gradient expansion. The density of axial vector component and is found proportional local vorticity $\omega$. polarizations per particle anti-fermions decrease with chemical potential increase energy (mass). Both...

We revisit the azimuthal angle dependence of local spin polarization hyperons in heavy-ion collisions at 200 GeV framework (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamic model CLVisc. Two different initial conditions are considered our simulation: optical Glauber condition without orbital angular momentum and AMPT with an momentum. find that hyperon strongly depends on choice so-called "spin chemical potential" $\Omega_{\mu\nu}$. With $\Omega_{\mu\nu}$ chosen to be proportional temperature vorticity,...

We derive the Boltzmann equation and collision kernel for massive spin-$1/2$ particles, using Wigner-function formalism employing an expansion in powers of $\ensuremath{\hbar}$. The phase space is enlarged to include a variable related spin degrees freedom. This allows us reduce transport equations independent components Wigner function one scalar equation. To next-to-leading order $\ensuremath{\hbar}$, we find that contains both local nonlocal terms. show off-shell contributions cancel Our...

We propose that a significant positive deviation from 1/3 for the spin density matrix element $\rho_{00}$ of $\phi$ meson may indicate existence mean field generated in heavy-ion collisions. This explains why STAR preliminary data meson's are much larger than while $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda}$ polarization seem not to allow such deviation. The contribution be strange quark antiquark through field, an effective mode gluon strong interaction. show is good analyzer fields even if they strongly...

We derive Boltzmann equations for massive spin-1/2 fermions with local and nonlocal collision terms from the Kadanoff--Baym equation in Schwinger--Keldysh formalism, properly accounting spin degrees of freedom. The are expressed matrix-valued distribution functions, which building blocks quasi-classical parts Wigner functions. Nonlocal appear at next-to-leading order $\hbar$ sources polarization part functions pave way simulating spin-transport processes involving spin-vorticity couplings...

We derive the equations of motion relativistic, non-resistive, second-order dissipative magnetohydrodynamics from Boltzmann equation using method moments. assume fluid to be composed a single type point-like particles with vanishing dipole moment or spin, so that has magnetization and polarization. In first approximation, we which allows express electric field in terms magnetic field. for irreducible moments deviation single-particle distribution function local thermodynamical equilibrium....

Based on the Wigner function in local equilibrium, we derive hydrodynamical quantities for a system of polarized spin-1/2 particles: particle number current density, energy-momentum tensor, spin and dipole moment tensor. Comparing with ideal hydrodynamics without spin, additional terms at first second order Knudsen $\text{Kn}$ average polarization $\chi_s$ have been derived. The can be expressed matrix-valued distributions, whose equilibrium forms are characterized by thermodynamical...

We propose a relativistic theory for spin density matrices of vector mesons based on Kadanoff-Baym equations in the closed-time-path formalism. The puts calculation observables such as matrix element <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msub><a:mi>ρ</a:mi><a:mn>00</a:mn></a:msub></a:math> solid ground. Within we formulate <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:msub><c:mi>ρ</c:mi><c:mn>00</c:mn></c:msub></c:math> <e:math...

Polarization has opened a new physics chapter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Since the first prediction and experimental observation of global spin polarization, lot progress been made understanding its features, both at theoretical levels. In this paper, we give an overview on recent advances field. The covered topics include review measurements local polarization hyperons alignment vector meson’s. We account for basic framework to describe fluid such as Quark–Gluon Plasma, including...

The observation of the vector meson’s global spin alignment by STAR Collaboration reveals that strong correlations may exist for quarks and antiquarks in relativistic heavy-ion collisions normal direction reaction plane. We propose a systematic method to describe such quark matter. classify them as local long range system. show particular effective contain genuine originated directly from dynamical process well those induced averaging over other degrees freedom. also can be studied measuring...

We present a calculation of the spin alignment for unflavored vector mesons in thermalized quark-gluon plasma based on Kubo formula linear response theory. This is achieved by expanding system to first order coupling constant and spatial gradient. The effect strongly relies meson's spectral functions which are determined interaction medium properties. calculated one-quark-loop self-energy with meson-quark interaction. numerical results show that correction from thermal shear tensor...

We derive analytic formula for electric and magnetic fields produced by a moving charged particle in conducting medium with the conductivity $\sigma$ chiral $\sigma_{\chi}$. use Green function method assume that $\sigma_{\chi}$ is much smaller than $\sigma$. The compact algebraic expressions without any integrals are obtained. They recover Lienard-Wiechert at vanishing conductivities. Exact numerical solutions also found values of compared to results. Both results agree very well scale high...

Quantum chromodynamics is notoriously difficult to solve at nonzero baryon density, and most models or effective theories of dense quark nuclear matter are restricted a particular density regime and/or form matter. Here we study (and mostly cold) within the holographic Sakai-Sugimoto model, aiming strong-coupling framework in wide range between saturation ultra-high densities. The model contains only three parameters, ask whether it fulfills two basic requirements real-world cold matter,...