A5013749248- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Crystal Structures and Properties
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Combustion and Detonation Processes
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Energetic Materials and Combustion
- Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
- Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
- Laser Design and Applications
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Carbon Nanotubes in Composites
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Glass properties and applications
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2016-2025
General Atomics (United States)
2018-2021
Diamond Materials (Germany)
2018-2021
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2018-2021
École Polytechnique
2021
Sandia National Laboratories
2021
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
2021
University of California, Davis
2020
University of California, Berkeley
2011-2019
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2018
A series of cryogenic, layered deuterium-tritium (DT) implosions have produced, for the first time, fusion energy output twice peak kinetic imploding shell. These experiments at National Ignition Facility utilized high density carbon ablators with a three-shock laser pulse (1.5 MJ in 7.5 ns) to irradiate low gas-filled ($0.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mg}/\mathrm{cc}$ helium) bare depleted uranium hohlraums, resulting hohlraum radiative temperature $\ensuremath{\sim}290\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$. The...
An inertial fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility, conducted August 8, 2021 (N210808), recently produced more than a megajoule of yield and passed Lawson's criterion for ignition [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)]. We describe experimental improvements that enabled N210808 present first measurements from an igniting plasma in laboratory. metrics like product hot-spot energy pressure squared, absence self-heating, increased by ∼35%, leading to record values enhancement...
We present the design of first igniting fusion plasma in laboratory by Lawson's criterion that produced 1.37 MJ energy, Hybrid-E experiment N210808 (August 8, 2021) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This uses indirect drive inertial confinement approach to heat and compress a central "hot spot" deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel using surrounding dense DT piston. Ignition occurs when heating from absorption α particles created process overcomes loss mechanisms...
Terapascal iron-melting temperature The pressure and conditions at which iron melts are important for terrestrial planets because they determine the size of liquid metal core, an factor understanding potential generating a radiation-shielding magnetic field. Kraus et al . used laser-driven shock to iron-melt curve up 1000 gigapascals (see Perspective by Zhang Lin). This value is about three times that Earth’s inner core boundary. authors found lasted longest Earth-like four six larger in...
In this work we present the design of first controlled fusion laboratory experiment to reach target gain G>1 N221204 (5 December 2022) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 065102 (2024)], performed at National Ignition Facility, where energy produced (3.15 MJ) exceeded amount laser required drive (2.05 MJ). Following demonstration ignition according Lawson criterion N210808, experiments were impacted by nonideal experimental fielding conditions, such as increased (known) defects that seeded hydrodynamic...
An indirect-drive inertial fusion experiment on the National Ignition Facility was driven using 2.05 MJ of laser light at a wavelength 351 nm and produced 3.1±0.16 total yield, producing target gain G=1.5±0.1 exceeding unity for first time in laboratory [Phys. Rev. E 109, 025204 (2024)10.1103/PhysRevE.109.025204]. Herein we describe experimental evidence increased drive capsule additional energy control over known degradation mechanisms, which are critical to achieving high performance....
Deep inside planets, extreme density, pressure, and temperature strongly modify the properties of constituent materials. In particular, how much heat solids can sustain before melting under pressure is key to determining a planet's internal structure evolution. We report laser-driven shock experiments on fused silica, α-quartz, stishovite yielding equation-of-state electronic conductivity data at unprecedented conditions showing that SiO2 rises 8300 K 500 gigapascals, comparable core-mantle...
Dense fluid metallic hydrogen occupies the interiors of Jupiter, Saturn, and many extrasolar planets, where pressures reach millions atmospheres. Planetary structure models must describe accurately transition from outer molecular envelopes to interior regions. We report optical measurements dynamically compressed deuterium 600 gigapascals (GPa) that reveal an increasing refractive index, onset absorption visible light near 150 GPa, a metal-like reflectivity (exceeding 30%) 200 all at...
We report on the most recent and successful effort at controlling trajectory symmetry of a high density carbon implosion National Ignition Facility. use low gasfill (0.3 mg/cc He) bare depleted uranium hohlraum with around 1 MJ laser energy to drive 3-shock-ignition relevant implosion. assess performance we demonstrate control convergence 1, 3–5, 12, 27 better than ±5 μm using succession experimental platforms. The was maintained peak fuel velocity 380 km/s. Overall, measurements are...
The Bigfoot approach is to intentionally trade off high convergence, and therefore areal-density, in favor of implosion velocity good coupling between the laser, hohlraum, shell, hotspot. This results a short laser pulse that improves hohlraum symmetry predictability, while reduced compression reduces hydrodynamic instability growth. thus far include demonstrated low-mode control at two different geometries (5.75 mm 5.4 diameters) target scales (5.4 6.0 spanning 300–405 TW power 0.8–1.6 MJ...
We combined laser shock compression with in situ x-ray diffraction to probe the crystallographic state of gold (Au) on its principal Hugoniot. Au has long been recognized as an important calibration standard diamond anvil cell experiments due stability face-centered cubic (fcc) structure extremely high pressures ($P\text{ }>600\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GPa}$ at 300 K). This is contrast density functional theory and first principles calculations high-pressure phases that predict a variety...
To reach the pressures and densities required for ignition, it may be necessary to develop an approach design that makes easier simulations guide experiments. Here, we report on a new short-pulse inertial confinement fusion platform is specifically designed more predictable. The has demonstrated $99%+0.5%$ laser coupling into hohlraum, high implosion velocity ($411\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{km}/\mathrm{s}$), hotspot pressure ($220+60\text{ }\mathrm{Gbar}$), cold fuel areal density compression...
Pushing a pressure standard A challenge for understanding systems at extreme conditions is knowing the exact which exotic behaviors occur. This situation caused by lack of an absolute pressure-density relationship calibrants. Fratanduono et al. conducted series dynamic compression observations on platinum and gold to establish high-pressure scale these metals up terapascal (see Perpsective Jeanloz). work provides robust calibration when using standards in devices such as diamond anvil cells....
HYBRID-E is an inertial confinement fusion implosion design that increases energy coupled to the hot spot by increasing capsule scale in cylindrical hohlraums while operating within current experimental limits of National Ignition Facility. reduces hohlraum at a fixed size compared previous HYBRID designs, thereby efficiency and capsule, uses cross-beam transfer (CBET) control symmetry inner (23° 30°) outer (44° 50°) laser beams different wavelengths (Δλ> 0). Small case ratio designs...
Two variants of optical imaging velocimetry, specifically the one-dimensional streaked line-imaging and two-dimensional time-resolved area-imaging versions Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR), have become important diagnostics in high energy density sciences, including inertial confinement fusion dynamic compression condensed matter. Here, we give a brief review historical development these techniques, then describe current implementations at major (HED) facilities...
Recent indirect drive inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Spaeth et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 69, 25 (2016)] have crossed threshold of ignition. However, performance has been variable due to several factors. One leading sources variability is quality high-density carbon (HDC) shells used as ablators in these experiments. In particular, can a number defects that found correlate with appearance ablator mix into hot spot and degradation nuclear yield....
Megabar (1 Mbar = 100 GPa) laser shocks on precompressed samples allow reaching unprecedented high densities and moderately ∼103–104 K temperatures. We describe here a complete analysis framework for the velocimetry (VISAR) pyrometry (SOP) data produced in these experiments. Since precompression increases initial density of both sample interest quartz reference pressure-density, reflectivity, temperature measurements, we analytical corrections based available experimental warm dense silica...
Producing a burning plasma in the laboratory has been long-standing milestone for physics community. A is state where alpha particle deposition from deuterium–tritium (DT) fusion reactions leading source of energy input to DT plasma. Achieving these high thermonuclear yields an inertial confinement (ICF) implosion requires efficient transfer driving source, e.g., lasers, fuel. In indirect-drive ICF, fuel loaded into spherical capsule which placed at center cylindrical radiation enclosure,...
Ramp compression along a low-temperature adiabat offers unique avenue to explore the physical properties of materials at highest densities their solid form, region inaccessible by single shock compression. Using National Ignition Facility and OMEGA laser facilities, copper samples were ramp compressed peak pressures 2.30 TPa nearly $30\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{cc}$, providing fundamental information regarding compressibility phase more than 5 times greater previously explored....
It has long been recognized that high compression, and hence good confinement, is essential to achieving yields in inertial confinement fusion implosions. In pursuit of multi-megajoule on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a new campaign begun aimed at testing hypothesis controlling hydrodynamic stability key effective higher compression with density carbon ablators currently fielded NIF. This built around implosion design, called SQ-n, derived from uniquely stable Bigfoot design tested...
Diamond possesses exceptional physical properties due to its remarkably strong carbon–carbon bonding, leading significant resilience structural transformations at very high pressures and temperatures. Despite several experimental attempts, synthesis recovery of the theoretically predicted post-diamond BC8 phase remains elusive. Through quantum-accurate multimillion atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have uncovered extreme metastability diamond pressures, significantly exceeding...