Contradictory goals plague China’s pharmaceutical policy. The government wants to develop the domestic industry and has used drug pricing cross-subsidize public hospitals. Yet also aims control spending through price caps profit-margin regulations guarantee access even for poor patients. resulting system distorted market incentives, increased consumers’ costs, financially rewarded inappropriate prescribing, thus undermining health. Pharmaceuticals account about half of total health in China,...

Problem definition: Machine learning is often employed in appointment scheduling to identify the patients with greatest no-show risk, so as schedule them into or right after overbooked slots. That decision maximizes clinic performance, measured by a weighted sum of all patients’ waiting time and provider’s overtime idle time. However, if racial group characterized higher then belonging that will be scheduled slots disproportionately general population. Academic/Practical Relevance:...

ABSTRACT: The literatures of business ethics and international have generally had little influence on each other. Nevertheless, the decline in power nation states, emergence non-governmental organizations, proliferation self-regulatory bodies, changing responsibilities, roles, structure multinational corporations make constructive engagement between these two disciplines imperative. This institutional landscape creates many areas common concern. In this article, we describe context global...

ABSTRACT: This article examines the presuppositions and theoretical frameworks of “new-wave” “Post-Westphalian” approach to international business ethics compares it more philosophically oriented moral theory that has predominated in field. I contrast one author’s Post-Westphalian political human rights responsibilities transnational corporations (TNCs) with my own “Fair Share” responsibility for rights. suggest how debate about meaning corporate “complicity” might be informed by fair share...

This special issue of the Journal Human Rights features articles from leading academics in Business and (BHR), as well timely contributions by practitioners describing recent dev...

This article addresses the human rights obligations of pharmaceutical companies regarding access to vaccines and other drugs developed prevent treat COVID-19, more broadly essential medicines. We examine two United Nations guidelines–the Guiding Principles on Business Human Rights Guidelines for Pharmaceutical Companies in relation Access Medicines–which assert that have responsibilities make medicines available patients global South, member-states are responsible enforcing these...

An Artificial Intelligence algorithm trained on data that reflect racial biases may yield racially biased outputs, even if the its own is unbiased. For example, algorithms used to schedule medical appointments in USA predict Black patients are at a higher risk of no-show than non-Black patients, though technically accurate given existing prediction results being overwhelmingly scheduled appointment slots cause longer wait times patients. This perpetuates inequity, this case lesser access...

This article analyzes the "best practices" of several companies at leading edge global labor rights movement and offers guidance to seeking enhance effectiveness their human programs. While still continue devote significant resources monitoring compliance, following "organizational integrity" approach are exploring other initiatives designed prevent violations from occurring in first place enable remediation problems which uncovered. three essential components organizational integrity...

Problem definition: Machine learning is often employed in appointment scheduling to identify the patients with greatest no-show risk, so as schedule them into or right after overbooked slots. That decision maximizes clinic performance, measured by a weighted sum of all patients' waiting time and provider's overtime idle time. However, if racial group characterized higher then belonging that will be scheduled slots disproportionately general population. Academic/Practical Relevance:...

Abstract: Donaldson and Dunfee (1999) suggest in a brief discussion that manager may some cases rely on his or her own values making organizational decisions. Our paper examines the role of diversity an context. central contention is value among managers, employees, other stakeholders dimensions such as prudence-boldness, clarity-flexibility, rigor-mercy highly useful for organization. We introduce nontechnical models individual board decision-making which cuts across group interests would...

This paper draws attention to and raises questions about an area of executive incentive compensation, bonuses non-equity incentives, which seems have disproportionally rewarded executives while shareholders remain exposed substantial ongoing economic risks. focus has surfaced because, beginning in 2007 continuing throughout 2008, financial services firms incurred massive losses, the years immediately preceding this deluge losses many were awarded incentives. We assess risks associated with...