The disruption of short-term memory by to-be-ignored auditory sequences (the changing-state effect) has often been characterized as attentional capture deviant events (deviation effect). However, the present study demonstrates that and deviation effects are functionally distinct forms distraction: visual-verbal serial recall speech was independent effect a single voice embedded within (Experiment 1); voice-deviation effect, but not found on missing-item task 2); repetition context an...

The influence of top-down cognitive control on 2 putatively distinct forms distraction was investigated. Attentional capture by a task-irrelevant auditory deviation (e.g., female-spoken token following sequence male-spoken tokens)-as indexed its disruption visually presented recall task-was abolished when focal-task engagement promoted either increasing the difficulty encoding visual to-be-remembered stimuli (by reducing their perceptual discriminability; Experiments 1 and 2) or providing...

A body of laboratory work is reviewed suggesting that auditory distraction comes in two functionally distinct forms. Interference-by-process produced when the involuntary processing sound competes with a similar process applied deliberately to perform focal task. In contrast, attentional capture causes disengagement attention away from prevailing task, regardless task processes involved. Particular devoted reviewing range converging evidence both experimental and individual-...

A novel attentional capture effect is reported in which visual-verbal serial recall was disrupted if a single deviation the interstimulus interval occurred within otherwise regularly presented task-irrelevant spoken items. The degree of disruption same whether temporal deviant embedded sequence made up repeating item or changing Moreover, evident during presentation to-be-remembered but not rehearsal just prior to recall, suggesting that encoding sequences particularly susceptible. results...

The role of memory in behavioral distraction by auditory attentional capture was investigated: We examined whether is a product the novelty capturing event (i.e., absence recent for event) or its violation learned expectancies on basis an structure. Attentional capture-indicated disruption focal visually presented serial recall task-was found when voice conveying concurrent irrelevant sequence changed every 5 trials (from male to female vice versa). There no evidence first encountered and...

Two experiments critically examined a predictive-coding based account of the vulnerability short-term memory (STM) to auditory distraction, particularly disruptive effect changing-state sound on verbal serial recall. Experiment 1 showed that providing participants with opportunity predict contents an imminent spoken distractor sentence via forewarning reduced its but only same level disruption as produced by simpler sequences (a sequence letter-names). Moreover, postcategorically...

Baddeley and Larsen (2007) argue that a number of key findings reported by Jones, Macken, Nicholls (2004) Hughes, Macken (2006) pointing to shortcomings the phonological store construct arise from being abandoned with long lists. In our rejoinder we point out use procedure in which retrieval supposed storage would not--according their own theory--have been possible, present theoretical, empirical, logical problems "store abandonment" argument highlight difficulties associated interpretation...

Task-irrelevant speech impairs short-term serial recall appreciably. On the interference-by-process account, processing of physical (i.e., precategorical) changes in yields order cues that conflict with serial-ordering process deployed to perform task. In this view, postcategorical properties (e.g., phonology, meaning) play no role. The present study reassessed implications recent demonstrations auditory distraction have been taken as support for an alternative, attentional-diversion,...

Classically, attentional selectivity has been conceptualized as a passive by-product of capacity limits on stimulus processing. Here, we examine the role more active cognitive control processes in selectivity, focusing how distraction from task-irrelevant sound is modulated by levels task engagement visually presented short-term memory task. Task was varied manipulating load involved encoding (visually presented) to-be-remembered items. Using list Navon letters (where large letter composed...

Classical explanations for the modality effect-superior short-term serial recall of auditory compared to visual sequences-typically recur privileged processing information derived from sources. Here we critically appraise such accounts, and re-evaluate nature canonical empirical phenomena that have motivated them. Three experiments show standard account in memory is untenable, since superiority recency often accompanied by mid-list positions. We explain this simultaneous reference way which...

A functional, perceptual-motor, account of serial short-term memory (STM) is examined by investigating the way in which an irrelevant spoken sequence interferes with verbal recall. Even visual list-presentation, recall particularly susceptible to disruption stimuli that have same identity as-but are order-incongruent with-the to-be-remembered items. We test view such interference because obligatory perceptual organization yielding a competes subvocal motor-plan assembled support reproduction...

We show that retrieval from semantic memory is vulnerable even to the mere presence of speech.Irrelevant speech impairs fluency-namely lexical cued by a category name-more than meaningless (reversed or nonwords).Moreover, related semantically more disruptive unrelated speech.That phonemic fluency-in which participants are with first letter words they report-was not disrupted speech, only in category, suggests distraction mediated executive processing load.The pattern sensitivity different...

Two experiments investigated reactive top-down cognitive control of the detrimental influence spoken distractors semantically related to visually-presented words presented for free recall.Experiment 1 demonstrated that an increase in focal task-engagement-promoted experimentally by reducing perceptual discriminability visual target-wordseliminated disruption such distracters veridical recall and also attenuated erroneous distracters.A instruction eliminates requirement output-monitoring was...

Differences in the impact of irrelevant sound on recall performance children (aged 7-9 years old; N = 89) compared to adults 18-22 were examined. Tasks that required serial rehearsal (serial and probed-order tasks) contrasted with one did not (the missing-item task) presence was either steady-state (a repeated speech token), changing-state (two alternating tokens) and, for first time a child sample, could also contain deviant token male-voice embedded sequence otherwise spoken female voice)....

a b s t r c tThe role of the compatibility between obligatory perceptual organization and active assembly motor-plan in auditory-verbal serial recall was examined.The classic finding that is poorer with ear-alternating items shown to be related spatialsource localization, thereby confirming basic tenet perceptual-motor account disconfirming an early characterizing two ears as separate inputchannels (Experiment 1).Promoting streaming-by-location itemsand therefore incompatibility perceived...

A novel effect is reported in which serial recall of visual digits was disrupted to a greater degree by the presence same set presented as an irrelevant auditory sequence than consonants, but only when order incongruent with that to-be-remembered (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 replicated this order-incongruence and showed also disruption dictated number order-incongruent transitions not tokens contained within sequence. The results favor interference-by- process approach memory sound over...

The Impact of Talker VariabilityThe disruptive impact talker-variable (e.g., alternating female-male) lists on serial recall was examined.We tested the novel hypothesis that this talker variability effect arises from tendency for perceptual streaming (by voice) to partition list into two sub-sequences such perception order is in conflict with formation a sequence-output plan remains faithful canonical items.The supported by three convergent lines evidence: Factors known promote partitioning...

Cognitive control mechanisms-such as inhibition-decrease the likelihood that goal-directed activity is ceded to irrelevant events.Here, we use action of auditory distraction show how retrieval from episodic long-term memory affected by competitor inhibition.Typically, a sequence to-be-ignored spoken distracters drawn same semantic category list visually-presented tobe-recalled items impairs free recall performance.In line with inhibition theory (Anderson, 2003), was worse for on probe trial...

We examine whether the disruption of serial short-term memory (STM) by spoken taboo distractors is due to attentional diversion and unrelated underlying disruptive effect sound on STM more generally, which we have argued order cues arising from automatic pre-categorical processing acoustic changes in conflicting with serial–order within task (interference-by-process). test taboo-distractor is, unlike effects attributable interference-by-process, amenable top-down control. Experiment 1...