Multi-microgrid formation (MMGF) is a promising solution for enhancing power system resilience. This paper proposes new deep reinforcement learning (RL) based model-free on-line dynamic MMGF scheme. The problem formulated as Markov decision process, and complete RL framework specially designed the topology-transformable micro-grids. In order to reduce large action space caused by flexible switch operations, topology transformation method proposed an action-decoupling Q-value applied. Then,...

This paper proposes a new decentralized restoration scheme in order to realize efficient coordinated of the coupled transmission and distribution (TS-DS) system. First, considering separated operation TS operator (TSO) DS operators (DSOs) avoid TSO data processing burden, TS-DS system is divided into several subsystems according their physical connection. Then, implement independent but decision-making subsystems, framework constructed by model decoupling iterative interaction between DS....

Raman spectra of (Mn, Co)-codoped ZnO films were investigated as functions laser line and temperature. It is shown that the shifts for different phonon modes exhibit redshift with temperature increasing, which can be attributed to anharmonic effect in material. Strong resonant multi-LO phonons observed well exciting photon energy higher than direct band gap. Compared films, Mn, Co codoping on revealed by presence additional at 275 642cm−1 another intensive mode around 524cm−1. With...

To enhance the resilience of distribution systems (DSs), networked microgrids (MGs) can be employed to restore critical loads after a blackout. However, uncertainties renewable energy sources (RESs) and bring challenges load restoration. This paper proposes distributed risk-limiting restoration strategy for unbalanced DS with MGs. In proposed strategy, risk is represented by conditional value-at-risk (CVaR), based on which model formulated considering uncertainties. With projection...

This paper proposes a new deep learning (DL) based model-free robust method for bulk system on-line load restoration with high penetration of wind power. Inspired by the iterative calculation two-stage model, neural network (DNN) and convolutional (CNN) are respectively designed to find worst-case condition pickup decision evaluate corresponding security. In order optimal result within limited number checks, checklist generation (LPCG) algorithm is developed ensure optimality. Then, fast...

Text-to-SQL is a fundamental and longstanding problem in the NLP area, aiming at converting natural language queries into SQL, enabling non-expert users to operate databases. Recent advances LLM have greatly improved text-to-SQL performance. However, challenges persist, especially when dealing with complex user queries. Current approaches (e.g., COT prompting multi-agent frameworks) rely on ability of models plan generate SQL autonomously, but controlling performance remains difficult. In...

Abstract A photochemically interconvertible supramolecular nanotube–nanoparticle system was constructed through secondary assembling of self‐aggregates amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives mediated by trans ‐ and cis ‐azobenzene‐bridged bis(permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin). Significantly, these nanotubes nanoparticles were able to interconvert upon irradiation at different wavelengths, this photocontrolled morphological conversion is reversible recyclable for tens times, which will provide a feasible...

A linear supramolecular architecture was successfully constructed by the inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextrin with azobenzene and host-stabilized charge-transfer interaction naphthalene a bispyridinium guest cucurbit[8]uril in water, which comprehensively characterized (1)H NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism dynamic laser scattering, microscopic observations. Significantly, because it benefits from photoinduced isomerization azophenyl group chemical...

This article proposes a new distributed risk-limiting load restoration scheme for wind power penetrated interconnected bulk systems. The conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is used as the index. projection function based alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm (P-ADMM) to decouple CVaR integrated model into form. With proposed algorithm, constraints are decomposed and complex non-convex with transformed small-scale scenario-based QP problems. respects individual decision-making...

This paper proposes a new decentralized data-driven load restoration (DDLR) scheme for transmission and distribution (TD) systems with high penetration of wind power. Robust DDLR models are constructed in order to handle uncertainties ensure the feasibility schemes. The Wasserstein metric is used describe ambiguity sets probability distributions build complete model realize computationally tractable formulation. A model-nested analytical target cascading (DATC) algorithm developed obtain...

This article proposes an analytical target cascading (ATC) based distributed optimal voltage control (DOVC) scheme for the voltage-source-converter high-voltage-direct-current (VSC-HVDC) connected large-scale wind farm cluster (WFC). The aims are to minimize fluctuations of point connection (POC), collector buses, and turbine (WT) terminal buses inside WFC while regulating bus voltages close rated smooth reactive power outputs WTs. With DOVC scheme, strongly coupled sensitivity-based...

Several parallel restored subsystems exist in the last stage of build-up restoration process bulk power systems. The whole system is completed when these are reconnected and their internal loads recovered. This paper proposes a robust distributed coordination scheme to achieve reconnection load recovery wind penetrated transmission First, models constructed considering individual under uncertain conditions. Then, an inner-outer nested upper-lower (IOUL) iterative algorithm developed solve...

This paper proposes a new scheme for bulk system restoration considering the available black-start resources (BSRs) in distribution (DS). The DS assisted generator start-up sequence (D-GSS) is realized decentralized way, so that it does not only benefit GSS by utilizing BSRs DS, but also respects independent operation of transmission operator (TSO) and operators (DSOs). First, D-GSS presented including interaction TSO DSOs corresponding compact models. models are built with modeled as...

The interfacial interaction including chemical bonding or electron transfer and even physisorption in composite electrocatalysts has a considerable effect on electrocatalytic oxidation reaction. Herein, we report tremendously enhanced catalytic activity excellent durability for the ethanol electro-oxidation reaction NiMoO4-C-supported Pd composites (Pd/NiMoO4-C) compared to commercial Pd/C (10%) catalyst. X-ray powder diffraction, transmission microscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy...

A ternary photocontrollable assembly was hierarchically constructed by the "orthogonal" host–guest interaction of different types cyclodextrins toward porphyrin and azobenzene. Spectroscopic titrations microscopic investigations demonstrate that inclusion complex azobenzene modified water-soluble (1) with phthalocyanine-grafted permethyl β-cyclodextrins (2) could be reversibly cross-linked to relatively larger nanospheres naphthyl bridged bis(α-cyclodextrin)s (3). Moreover, large-sized...

An efficient load recovery of a bulk system with wind power penetration requires careful consideration uncertainties related to it, as well online data gathered from measurement devices. From the perspective uncertainties, novel utility-based decision-making method is proposed in this paper. The combines both risk and return restoration strategy assist decision making uncertain states, it also provides utility function present preference strategy. Furthermore, utility-oriented optimization...

Worldwide ambitions to combat climate change have expedited the penetration of renewables and decarbonization. Multienergy systems (MES), where different energy are optimally coordinated, been recognized as a key element in future low-carbon operations. However, MES operations involve intense exchanges information control signals, thereby intensify risk cyberattacks. Existing cybersecurity research mainly focuses on single-energy system, with only few pioneering analyses for focusing...

Abstract The social self‐sorting supramolecular assembly is described by non‐covalent interactions among four organic components. Toward this goal, a series of systems have been investigated mixing two or three different compounds; naphthyl‐bridged bis(α‐cyclodextrin), N , ′‐dioctyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium, 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene, and cucurbit[8]uril. influence alkyl chains viologen derivatives the binding abilities these also studied. Their integrative led to exclusive formation purple...