A hybrid antenna is proposed for future 4G/5G multiple input output (MIMO) applications. The composed of two modules, namely, 4G module and 5G module. a two-antenna array capable covering the GSM850/900/1800/1900, UMTS2100, LTE2300/2500 operating bands, while an eight-antenna in 3.5-GHz band C-band (3400-3600 MHz), which could meet demand application. Compared with ideal uncorrelated antennas 8 × MIMO system, has shown good ergodic channel capacity ~40 b/s/Hz, only 6 b/s/Hz lower than case....

In this article, a method for design automation high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) based on an optimization-oriented is proposed. The advantages of using particle swarm optimization to PAs in electronic automatic tools are analyzed, and then, simulated annealing combined form (SA-PSO). the perfectly inelastic collision used conventional PSO replaced by elastic improve searching ability through reducing kinetic energy consumption. A stepped fitness function defined avoid performance pit...

A method enabling the codesign of a high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) and ring-resonator microstrip bandpass filter is proposed in this paper. Even-odd-mode analysis series continuous modes (SCMs) are combined to realize broadband or multiband impedance matching as well suppression undesired signals. The can achieve both frequency responses, designed component relatively easy analyze fabricate due its structure. For verification, triband PA-filter components fabricated separately. first...

The 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O₃-0.3PbTiO₃(0.7PMN-0.3PT) nanorods were obtained via hydrothermal method with high yield (over 78%). Then, new piezoelectric nanocomposites based on (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) fabricated by dispersing the 0.7PMN-0.3PT into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer. mechanical behaviors of investigated. voltage and current generation PMN-PT/PVDF also measured. results showed that tensile strength, Young's modulus enhanced as compared to pure PVDF. largest 1.71...

We report in this paper on the study of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators based an AlN/titanium alloy (TC4) structure. The AlN/TC4 structure with different thicknesses AlN films was simulated, and propagating modes were discussed. Based simulation results, interdigital transducers a periodic length 24 μm patterned by lift-off photolithography techniques films/TC4 structure, while film thickness range 1.5–3.5 μm. device performances terms quality factor (Q-factor) electromechanical...

In this brief, an automatic power amplifier (PA) design system based on simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SA-PSO) algorithm is proposed to perform multi-objective in designing broadband Doherty like load-modulated balanced (LMBA). Specifically, by combining the programming environment with commercial electronic automation (EDA) software, process can be implemented automatically. Then, complex and rigorous impedance trajectory aligning at different levels easily obtained using...

The cardinality-balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli (CBMeMBer) filter is a promising algorithm for tracking. However, there exists problem that when the legacy tracks cardinality big enough, effect of measurement innovation will be negligible, even if close to target state prediction. Such shown analytically in this study, and then an improved MeMBer has been proposed, which balances posterior by modifying rather than measurement-updated parameters. sequential Monte Carlo (SMC)...

The design of a self-driving RF-DC rectifier needs to synchronize the gate driving and RF power input. A waveform-based method is proposed in this paper get synchronization through direct network-parameter calculation coupling matching circuit, other than introducing an adjustable phase shifter on its dual amplifier prototype. In order practical at microwave band, nonlinear feedback capacitances, package parasitics, device's I-V curves are considered large-signal circuit analysis. external...

This brief presents a co-design of the second harmonic-tuned broadband power amplifier (PA) in cascade with stub loaded parallel-coupled lines microstrip bandpass filter. These coupled are bilaterally connected shorted stub. Filter parameters determined by an even-odd mode impedance analysis to ensure high-selectivity and anti-interference response. Hence, proper fundamental harmonic matching is realized desired regions Smith chart. Moreover, overall circuit size significantly reduced easy...

In this brief, a technique using the co-design of three matching sub-networks is proposed to solve contradiction between bandwidth and extended back-off region symmetrical Doherty power amplifier (DPA). The phase-shifting solution space DPA output networks calculated, its relationship with input impedance post-matching network analyzed without frequency variable. Configurable adjustable operating center can also be realized in design by method. flow given, then detailed example under 9-dB...

Silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET has become a nice alternative to silicon (Si) IGBT and MOSFET. However, more serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues are brought by fast switching characteristics of SiC as well. In order understand the principle these EMI issues, an analytical model is proposed in this paper. With full consideration parasitic inductances non-linearities junction capacitances, describe transient Meanwhile, novel linear function used represent relationship between...

Besides various kinds of continuous-mode high-efficiency power amplifiers (HEPAs), there do exist many other undefined HEPA operations. In place introducing variables into waveform equations, a numerical mode-interpolation method based on the nonlinear drain current calculations is used in this paper. The combinations fundamental voltage's amplitude and phase boundaries from general continuous modes are to form interpolation grids. interpolated operations determined by practical transistor's...

This brief presents a 30–36 GHz CMOS power amplifier (PA) with diode-connected analog linearizer dedicated to improving the output and power-added efficiency (PAE) at 1-dB compression point (OP1dB). The proposed performs gain expansion, simultaneously introducing little phase distortion. In addition, design procedure of matching network between PA is analyzed mitigate impact impedance variation caused by control voltage input power. As proof concept, circuit fabricated in 65-nm process 0.31...

Industrial safety helmets are crucial personal protective gear but detecting them as small targets in complex environments is challenging. This work proposes enhancements to the YOLOv8 object detection framework, specifically incorporating a spatial-to-depth (SPD) convolution module and large selective kernel network (LSKNet). SPD-Conv combines spatial-to- depth layers non-strided convolutions retain fine-grained information when downscaling feature maps, while LSKNet introduces dynamic...

The photovoltaic power source would keep supplying under unscheduled islanding operation, and hence bring potential risk for maintenance personnel user equipments, so it is of great significance to enforce accurate rapid detection method. A method based on negative sequence current injection voltage imbalance at the point common coupling proposed. reasonable switching strategy in grid-connected inverter reduces impact injected main grid. method, without non-detection zone, also unaffected by...

There is an impedance conflict between the fundamental harmonic of f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and second xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> if = 2f . In this brief, a methodology employing active load modulation (HALM) technique utilized for solving problem. A main power amplifier modulator constitute overall circuit. This transforms to optimum by injecting in lower band. order improve efficiency,...

In this letter, a linearization solution for Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) based on independently tunable linearizer (ITL) is proposed. The ITL DPA (DITL) obtained by vector synthesis of two parallel ITLs; the back-off and gain characteristic configurable to match DPAs. To verify method, prototype designed at 3.5 GHz. A with 8.5 dB 20-MHz wideband signal stimulated measured, results show that adjacent channel ratio (ACPR) improved from -32.3 -44.9 dBc, consumption cost performance...

In this letter, the design of a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band high-efficiency power amplifier (PA) with compact harmonic control network (HCN) is presented. Based on device model, optimal fundamental and second load impedance was obtained by load-pull simulation. Then simply matching (FMN) realized using simplified real frequency technique (SRFT). To...

Abstract Metasurface energy harvesters (MEHs) lessen the dependence of wireless communication devices on batteries or other external power sources by capturing untapped electromagnetic in surroundings. In this paper, we propose a multi-frequency and multi-mode microwave metasurface for efficient radio frequency (RF) harvesting. The MEH is comprised sub-wavelength resonant ring array, which can harvest RF both Wi-Fi 5 GHz bands. A feeding network designed to integrate TE TM wave collected...