The dissimilatory nitrite reductase gene (nir) from denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri JM300 was isolated and sequenced. In agreement with recent sequence information another strain of P. (strain ZoBell), nir is the first in an operon followed immediately by a which codes for tetraheme protein; 2.5 kb downstream carboxyl terminus cytochrome c551 gene. 67% homologous to aeruginosa 88% ZoBell nir. Within promoter region fnr-like operator very similar upstream separate anaerobic...

Abstract Fronts and eddies identified with aerial guidance are seeded drifters to quantify submesoscale flow kinematics. The Lagrangian observations show mean divergence vorticity values that can exceed 5 times the Coriolis frequency. Values largest observed in field date represent an extreme departure from geostrophic dynamics. study also quantifies errors biases associated of underlying velocity strain tensor. greatest error results undersampling, even a large number drifters. A...

High-resolution infrared imagery of an air–water interface at wind speeds 1 to 4 ms-1 was obtained. Spectral analysis the data reveals several important features thermal structure so-called cool skin. At for which waves are not generated, interfacial boundary layer appears be composed buoyant plumes that stretched by surfaces hear as they reach interface. The appear form overlapping laminae with a head–tail we have termed fish-scales. higher speeds, gravity appearing on surface give rise...

Groundwater samples were obtained from a deep aquifer contaminated with halogenated aliphatic compounds. One-milliliter contained 9.2 x 10(5) total bacteria (by acridine orange microscopic counts) and 2.5 10(3) sulfate-reducing most probable number analysis). Samples incubated anaerobically in basal salts medium acetate as the electron donor nitrate sulfate acceptors. Residual levels of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) biotically degraded, while trichloroethylene was not. When successively...

This paper explores the use of infrared remote sensing methods to examine submesoscale eddies that recur downstream a deep-water island (Santa Catalina, CA). Data were collected using mid-wave camera deployed on an aircraft flown at altitude 3.7 km, and research boats made nearly simultaneous measurements temperature current profiles. Structure within thermal field is generally adequate as tracer surface fluid motions, though imagery needs be processed in novel way preserve smallest-scale...

Airborne infrared imagery of breaking ocean waves shows that whitecaps on actively wave crests appear relatively bright while residual dark compared to the ambient water surface. These differences in relative brightness, which arise from changes both emissivity and physical temperature, provide a means investigate evolution may be some relevance microwave remote sensing.

Airborne synthetic aperture radar and high‐resolution infrared imagery are used to examine the evolution of natural ocean slicks during a period freshening wind. Initially order 50 m in width have thermal contrasts 10 dB several 0.1°C. While there can be over time transient reorganization surface film material by internal waves, observed disperse no longer detectible after 5 h. The dispersion occurs through action Langmuir circulation, which results along‐wind streaks or “windrows”, as well...

Infrared imaging provides a new way to detect internal waves under conditions where techniques that rely on backscatter from the sea surface may not be effective and it means investigate spatial variability associated with waves. This is illustrated imagery collected in bay light winds using an airborne infrared camera. The appear as groups of dark bright bands, corresponding temperature fluctuations about 0.05°C. A signal this size shown plausible based straining water's thermal boundary...

Municipal wastewater discharged into the ocean through a submerged pipe, or outfall, can rise buoyantly to sea surface, resulting in near-field mixing zone and, presence of an ambient current, extended surface plume. In this paper, data from CASI (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager) and airborne infrared (IR) camera are shown detect municipal discharge off southeast coast Florida, U.S.A., its elevated levels chromophoric dissolved organic matter plus detrital material (CDOM) cooler...

[1] The statistics of the temperature and its spatial derivatives at a wind-driven air-water interface were obtained from comprehensive data set high resolution infrared imagery for wind speeds ranging 2 ms−1 to 10 ms−1. We focus our effort on considerations anisotropy, symmetry, intermittency surface turbulence. analysis reveals that root-mean-square temperature, when made nondimensional by using heat flux friction velocity, is nearly independent Richardson number (Ri, defined in section...

Abstract In this contribution, a detailed investigation of surface thermal patterns on the water is presented, with wind speeds ranging from 1 to 7 m s − and various conditions. Distinct structures can be observed surface—small‐scale short‐lived termed fish scales larger‐scale cold streaks that are consistent footprints Langmuir circulations. The structure heat pattern depends strongly wind‐induced stress. Consistent behavior regarding spacing in range laboratory facilities when expressed as...

Abstract Quantifying active and residual whitecap fractions separately can improve parameterizations of air‐sea fluxes associated with breaking waves. We use data from a multi‐instrumental field campaign on Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) to simultaneously capture the signatures whitecaps at visible, infrared (IR), microwave wavelengths using, respectively, video camera, mid‐IR radiometer 10 GHz. present results processing analyzing IR images correlating this information radiometric time...

Abstract Denitrification by Bradyrhizobium japonicum (formerly Rhizobium ) was characterized in two strains, USDA‐110 and USDA‐23, to determine the extent of denitrifying enzyme expression during symbiotic growth with soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The rhizobia grew anaerobic batch cultures, depleting NO 3 ‐ producing N 2 O presence C H . Specific activities resting cells were compared those common soil denitrifier Pseudomonas fluorescens , found range from 14 18% P. activity. Bacteroid...

Abstract An unusual spatial pattern on the ocean surface was captured by thermal airborne swaths taken across a strong sea temperature front at North Wall of Gulf Stream. The cold side resembles staircase consisting tens steps, each up to ∼200 m wide and ∼0.3°C warm. steps are well organized, clearly separated sharp gradients, mostly parallel aligned with primary front. interpretation imagery is aided oceanographic measurements from two research vessels. Analysis in situ observations...

<?Pub Dtl=""?> Airborne infrared imagery is used for the first time to investigate characteristics of surf-zone eddies, occurring along an along-shore uniform beach. Eddies are found have diameters 100 150 m, alongshore spacing about 375 m (2.5 times width), and lifetimes 40 min longer. travel at speeds <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\sim$</tex></formula> 0.3 0.5 m/s, a distance...

Understanding how turbulence impacts marine floc formation and breakup is key to predicting particulate carbon transport in the ocean. While sinking rate has been studied laboratory in-situ, response attracted less attention. To address this problem, of bentonite clay particles flocculated salt water was experimentally. Flocs were grown a large aggregation tank under unmixed mixed conditions then subjected turbulent pipe flow. Particle size quantified using microscope imaging in-situ...

The global optimal solution (GOS) has proven to be very accurate for deriving water surface velocities from contemporaneous image pairs, but previous studies have used shore-based radars or satellite measurements with resolutions on the order of a kilometer tens meters establish this. In contrast, objective this paper is derive GOS velocity field infrared (IR) (3-5 μm) images having 1-m pixel size. Because IR can frequently exhibit low signalto-noise ratio, newly developed technique local...