Chemical and physical processes driven by multiphoton absorption make possible the fabrication of complex, 3D structures with feature sizes as small 100 nm. Since its inception less than a decade ago, field has progressed rapidly, techniques are now being used to create functional microdevices. In this Review we discuss materials for fabrication, applications that have been demonstrated, well those pursued. We also consider outlook field, both in laboratory industrial settings.

A new class of bead-based microarray that uses electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) as a readout mechanism to detect multiple antigens simultaneously is presented. This platform demonstrates the possibility performing highly multiplexed assays using ECL because all individual sensing beads in array are imaged and individually resolved by ECL. Duplex triplex assay results demonstrated well cross reactivity study.

We describe an acrylic-based prepolymer resin that is ideally suited for the fabrication of three-dimensional structures with two-photon polymerization. characterize photochemical and photophysical properties photoinitiator present representative demonstrate favorable mechanical optical polymer.

We demonstrate the selective functionalization of 3-D polymer microstructures that were created using multiphoton absorption polymerization. By fabricating different portions structures with acrylic and methacrylic polymers, we are able to take advantage differential reactivities these materials perform chemistry on a single polymeric component. deposition metal create structures, such as functional microinductor. Our strategy is quite general can be extended readily materials, oxides biomolecules.

We report a novel and efficient method for the laser direct writing of two-dimensional silver structures. Multiphoton absorption small fraction output Ti:sapphire oscillator is sufficient to photoreduce nitrate in thin film polyvinylpyrrolidone that has been spin-coated on substrate. The polymer can then be washed away, leaving pattern consisting highly interconnected nanoparticles. characterization patterns using scanning electron atomic force microscopies, demonstrate application this...

The ability to create complex three-dimensional microstructures has reached an unprecedented level of sophistication in the last 15 years. For most part, this is result a steady development additive manufacturing technique named two-photon polymerization (TPP). In short amount time, TPP gone from being microfabrication novelty employed largely by laser specialists useful tool hands scientists and engineers working wide range research fields including microfluidics. When used combination with...

There is growing interest in lithographic technologies for creating 3D microstructures. Such techniques are generally serial nature, prohibiting the mass production of devices. Soft-lithographic show great promise simple and rapid replication arrays microstructures but have heretofore not been capable direct structures with closed loops. We demonstrate that created multiphoton absorption polymerization can be replicated by using microtransfer molding to afford complex daughter containing...

We demonstrate the replication of 3-D structures created with an acrylic polymer using multiphoton absorption polymerization. Microtransfer molding was used to replicate complex rapidly and high fidelity, including that have aspect ratios or reentrant features. It is also possible large numbers simultaneously.

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer numerous benefits over macroelectrodes due to their smaller sample size requirement, small form factor, low-power consumption, and higher sensitivity increased rates of mass transport. These features make MEAs well suited for microfluidic lab-on-a-chip applications. This paper presents two implementations with without an on chip potentiostat. We first describe...

We have used multiphoton absorption polymerization to fabricate a series of microscale polymer cantilevers. Atomic force microscopy has been characterize the mechanical properties microcantilevers with spring constants that were found span more than four decades. From these data, we extracted Young’s modulus E=0.44GPa for The wide stiffness range and relatively low elastic microstructures make them attractive candidates microcantilever applications, including measurements on soft matter.

This article describes a self-powered system that uses chemical reactions—the thermal excitation of alkali metals—to transmit coded alphanumeric information. The transmitter (an “infofuse”) is strip the flammable polymer nitrocellulose patterned with metal ions; this pattern encodes wavelengths 2 consecutive pulses light represent each character. While burning, infofuses sequence (at 5–20 Hz) atomic emission correspond to metallic salts (and therefore encoded information). combines...

We show that silver lines patterned on a substrate with multiphoton absorption can be rendered electrically conductive using electroless enhancement copper. demonstrate this technique used to create metallic features three-dimensional polymeric structures have been fabricated polymerization. This method makes it possible use complete metal/polymer hybrid microstructures single fabrication setup.

Abstract Chemische und physikalische Prozesse, die auf Mehrphotonenabsorption beruhen, ermöglichen Herstellung komplexer dreidimensionaler Mikrostrukturen mit einer Auflösung von 100 nm. Seit der experimentellen Realisierung vor nicht einmal zehn Jahren wurden in diesem Bereich rasch Fortschritte erzielt, Mehrphotonentechniken werden heute für funktionsfähiger Mikrosysteme eingesetzt. In Aufsatz diskutieren wir Techniken Materialien, Mehrphotonen‐Mikrofabrikation verwendet werden, sowie...

This paper presents a proof-of-principle method, called InfoBiology, to write and encode data using arrays of genetically engineered strains Escherichia coli with fluorescent proteins (FPs) as phenotypic markers. In we encode, send, release information living organisms carriers data. Genetically systems offer exquisite control both genotype phenotype. Living also the possibility for timed features can take hours or days develop. We use growth media chemically induced gene expression cipher...

In this paper we present the development of an optical tweezers platform capable creating on-demand dynamic microbead arrays for multiplexed detection biomolecules. We demonstrate use time-shared to dynamically assemble sensing microspheres, while simultaneously recording fluorescence signals in real time. The system is able achieve multiplexing by using quantum dot nanocrystals as both signaling probes and encoding labels on surface trapped microbeads. can be further extended a range bead...

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A new method of hybrid photolithography, Laser Augmented Microlithographic Patterning (LAMP), is described in which direct laser writing used to define additional features those made with an inexpensive transparency mask. LAMP was demonstrated both positive- and negative-tone photoresists, S1813 SU-8, respectively. The written features, can have sub-micron linewidths, be registered within 2.2 µm the mask created features. Two example structures, interdigitated electrode a microfluidic device...

We describe an inexpensive hand-held fluorescence imager (low-magnification microscope), constructed from poly(vinyl chloride) pipe and other components for use as a teaching tool to understand the principles of detection. Optical filters are used select excitation emission wavelengths can be easily interchanged accommodate different fluorescent samples. As demonstration, we view lawsone-dyed fingerprints on paper, which fluoresce red when illuminated with green light. This seen by viewing...

Liposomes play a relevant role in the biomedical field of drug delivery. The ability these lipid vesicles to encapsulate and transport variety bioactive molecules has fostered their use several therapeutic applications, from cancer treatments administration drugs with antiviral activities. Size uniformity are key parameters take into consideration when preparing liposomes; factors greatly influence effectiveness both vitro vivo experiments. A popular technique employed achieve optimal...