Abstract Reinforcement learning (RL) stands as one of the three fundamental paradigms within machine and has made a substantial leap to build general-purpose systems. However, using traditional electrical computers simulate agent-environment interactions in RL models consumes tremendous computing resources, posing significant challenge efficiency RL. Here, we propose universal framework that utilizes photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for improving algorithm efficiency. High parallelism...

Abstract is missing (Short communication)

Abstract Helmets have evolved through improvements in shell and suspension materials, better designs that can absorb ballistic blunt impact energy. In the past 20 years, threats to US Warfighters increased with prevalence of buried improvised explosive devices (IED) simultaneous producing overpressure, effects, as well thermal loading extreme desert conditions. The literature date, does not show any research integrates multiple types helmet system design performance analysis. scope this...

Abstract Quantum effects in photosynthetic energy transport nature, especially for the typical Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complexes, are extensively studied quantum biology. Such processes can be investigated as open systems that blend coherence and environmental noise, have been experimentally simulated on a few devices. However, existing experiments always lack solid simulation FMO due to their constraints map variety of issues actual complexes rich biological meanings. Here we...

Abstract A methodology is introduced to investigate the effect of intersubject head morphological variability on mechanical response brain when subjected blast overpressure loading. Nonrigid image registration techniques are leveraged warp a manually segmented template model an arbitrary number subjects following procedure coarsely segment in batch. Finite element meshes autogenerated, and analysis conducted. The initially constructed enable full automated implementation application proposed...

Abstract Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has become a signature casualty of recent military operations. In spite significant clinical and preclinical TBI research, current understanding mechanisms short- long-term outcomes is limited. Mathematical models bTBI biomechanics may help in better the development improved neuroprotective strategies. Until present, been analyzed as single event blast pressure wave propagating through brain. many events, loads on body head are spatially...

We developed a novel computational model for articulated human body dynamics, which utilises anatomical geometry of biomechanical simulations. The dynamics is computed by an implicit multi-body solver. exact linearisation the weak form was carried out to guarantee quadratic rate convergence. solver enforces kinematic constraints well while imposing no limitation on time step size. main advantage surface representation can accurately account both loading and interaction. inertial properties...

Until today the modeling of human body biomechanics poses many great challenges because complex geometry and substantial heterogeneity body. We developed a detailed finite element model in which is represented realistically both material properties. The includes head (face, skull, brain, spinal cord), skeleton, air cavities (including lung). Hence it can be used to accurately acquire stress wave propagation under various loading conditions. blast on surface was generated from simulated C4...

<p>Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has become a signature wound of the recent military operations and is becoming significant factor civilian blast explosion events. In spite clinical preclinical research on TBI, current understanding injury mechanisms limited little known about short long-term outcomes. Mathematical models bTBI may provide capabilities to study brain mechanisms, perhaps accelerating development neuroprotective strategies aiding in improved personal...

Three-dimensional photonic chips are superior in handling $N\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}P$-complete problems, but their large-scale application is hindered by the difficulty of programming them. The authors experimentally demonstrate a programmable three-dimensional processor capable solving maximum clique problem encoding injection conditions photons. prototype shows potential computing, and applied to solve molecular docking problems. combination non-von Neumann parallel computing architectures...

Previously we had developed an articulated human body model to simulate the kinematic response external loadings, using CFDRC’s CoBi implicit multi-body solver. The anatomy-based can accurately account for surface loadings and interactions with environment. A study is conducted calibrate joint properties (for instance, rotational damping) of by comparing its those obtained from PMHS test under moderate loading conditions. Additional adjustments in input parameters also include contact spring...

In recent military conflicts, the incidence of underbody blasts has led to severe injuries, specifically in lower extremities. The development a extremity model may lead better understanding injury patterns and mechanisms. A computational finite element was developed based on geometry made available an anatomical repository. portion below knee used initial comparisons between simulations experimental data. Impact applied via loading plate with vertical velocity 5 m/s, 10 12 m/s. Resultant...

Complementary to animal testing and analysis of clinical data, a validated anatomy physiology based mathematical models can provide capabilities for better understanding blast wave brain injury mechanisms, animal-human scaling, assessing improving protective armor. We developed the 3D “virtual” multi-scale computational simulations induced injury. A modeling tool, CoBi, has been adopted primary TBI mechanisms coupled biomechanics events. The shock over rat in tube was modeled by CFD method....

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in many blunt, ballistic and blast impact events. During trauma axons the white matter are especially vulnerable to due rapid mechanical loading of brain. The axonal pathology leads cytoskeletal failure disconnection. microtubules one major structural components cytoskeleton filamentous network. By bridging macroscopic forces acting on whole with cellular subcellular failure, macro-micro computational models both time space can help us better understand...

This study develops and demonstrates an analysis approach to understand the statistics of cumulative pressure exposure brain repetitive blasts events.A finite element model blast loading on head was used for biomechanical responses. The fraction (CPEF), ranging from 0.0 1.0, characterize extent repetition high pressures. Monte Carlo simulations were performed generate exposures.The orientation effect is as influential overpressure magnitudes. A 75° (from side) can produce CPEF values...

Blast waves resulting from both industrial explosions and terrorist attacks cause devastating effects to exposed humans structures. related injuries are frequently reported in the international news of great interest agencies involved military civilian protection. Mathematical models explosion blast interaction with structures can provide valuable input design protective practices, injury diagnostics forensics. Accurate simulation wave a human body biodynamic response loading is very...

Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a very common to service members in recent conflicts. Computational models can offer insights understanding the underlying mechanism of injury, which aid development effective personal protective equipment. This paper attempts correlate simulation results with clinical data from advanced techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor (DTI), functional MRI (fMRI), MR spectroscopy and susceptibility weighted (SWI), identify TBI...

Traumatic brain injury analysis in human is exceedingly difficult due to the methods which data can be collected, thus many researchers commonly implement animal surrogates. However, use of these surrogates costly and restricted by ethical concerns test logistics. Computational models simulations do not have constraints produce significant amounts relatively short periods. This paper shows development a head neck model full body porcine model. Both are developed from high-resolution CT MRI...

According to the US Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC), mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common form of head injury. Medical imaging data provides clinical insight into tissue damage/injury severity, helps medical diagnosis. Computational modeling simulation can predict biomechanical characteristics such injury, are useful development protective equipment. Integration techniques from computational biomechanics with assessment...

A combat helmet is a designed specifically for use during combat. The Advanced Combat Helmet (ACH) was developed to be the next generation of protective helmets by United States Army. ACH replaces former Personnel Armor System Ground Troops (PASGT) helmet. has improved design features such as lighter weight, chinstrap retention system, and pad suspension with more comfortable fit. It also allow maximum sensory situational awareness operator. process can expensive due prototype fabrications...