Real-time monitoring, data-driven decisions, and energy consumption optimization have reached a new level with IoT advancement. However, significant challenge faced by intelligent nodes applications resides in their requirements the long term, especially case of gas or water smart meters. This article proposes an algorithm for meters’ based on IoT, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT using microcontroller-based development boards, PZEM004T meters, Dragino LoRaWAN shield, BG96 modules. The adjusts transmission...

This paper provides a comprehensive study to investigate the potential of multi-relay methods in V2V-VLC systems through detailed performance analysis using realistic channel modeling based on ray tracing. Key metrics evaluated include maximum achievable communication distances, system capacity, and influence parameters, transceiver design, environmental factors, such as fog rain. Results demonstrate that adverse conditions, thick fog, can reduce direct range by up 19.5% at high transmission...

We aim to evaluate the performance of a ZigBee wireless sensor network using OPNET. The is intended for general application and should be able collect data from many nodes, every node connected several sensors. One possible such in medical area. At first will used display evolution blood pressure; body temperature, ambient temperature pressure level transfusion liquid can collected as well. coordinator transmit local server further processing. simulation parameters optimise it.

This paper presents some investigations on the current carrying capabilities of PCB traces repaired with silver-based conductive paste. Such different parameters (width, gap and substrate) are tested at currents electrical thermal measurements performed. An automated measurement system is used for observing any change in trace resistance time span each test.

The paper focuses on modelling and simulation of energy consumption an autonomous embedded system with a solar cell as source. Mathematical models for consumption/generation cell, microcontroller its peripherals are elaborated, tested coupled together complete simulations that allow configuration optimization specific cases.

The supercapacitor is a relatively young electronic component which bases its operation on the principle of Helmholtz double layer charge formed surface an activated carbon (with extremely high equivalent surface) and electrolyte allows both short distance between electric layers as well very large useful area. For optimal use EDLC (Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor) it necessary to know time behavior, specific electrical characteristics (discharge current, voltage variation at...

Precision agriculture is a type of innovative agriculture, based on new technologies, which aims to streamline the agricultural process. The aim this paper consists in reducing consumption resources and reaching maximum potential harvest, providing smart greenhouse automatically improves quality culture. Environmental parameters will be measured through several sensors depending data set, system decide control appropriate climate conditions for each crop. transmitted Message Queuing...

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC) represent a viable choice for energy storage in low power harvesting applications where primary varies time or even is missing periods of time. A major drawback these devices their self-discharge, especially cases like solar panels, no supplied EDLC hours during the night. The present paper presents Spice model with self discharge behavior, designed and implemented test bench study some measurements performed it as well adjustment to meet measured...

Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) are relatively new electronic components developed in the late 1980s; their operation is based on a Helmholtz double layer of charge formed an activated carbon surface (of high equivalent surface) and electrolyte. The advantages this constructive solution very small capacitive distance large effective area, leading to remarkably capacitances. EDLCs tend be low voltage, impedance devices, sustaining currents, with capacitance dependent charge-up...

LED matrix displays are a common presence in everyday life – they can be found trains, buses, tramways, office information tables or outdoor media. The structure of the display unit is similar for all these devices, light emitting diodes coupled between row and column lines, but there many options controller that switches lines. Present paper analyzes different types embedded systems control matrix, based on single board computers, microcontrollers with peripheral devices programmable logic...

After two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, disruption in Higher Education, especially Engineering Education 4.0, has taken place. The world is more interconnected than it ever been. How do we prepare students for it? What makes learning with virtual collaboration efficient? In our paper took a closer look at online teaching and period from October 2021 to June 2022, emphasizing teacher's students' experiences. Two exemplary courses designed agile design thinking methods illustrate approach:...

Two very important and seemingly unrelated problems are the following: providing a reliable energy source for computers finding solutions to store from renewable sources. It is necessary find with high storage efficiency in case of malfunctions 230 V electricity network that supplies as well systems generated solar conversion or regenerative braking on vehicles [1]. Accumulators charge long periods time under constant voltage relatively small currents, but they can supply currents. One...

Although the pressure sensor market is dominated by silicon based sensors, in recent years ceramic sensors have proved interesting and been increasingly researched due to their material properties which qualify them for use harsh environments. This paper describes of finite element analysis (FEA) determine functioning a diaphragm-type capacitive starting from mechanical obtaining output signal form an electrical capacitance. The capability software (Ansys/Multiphysics) realize multi-field...

Although only at the stage of proof concept, a basic approach in Occam technology is: placement components on dielectric substrate, encapsulation, reversal drilling down to pins components, creation conductive traces, a.s.o. Since reversed order construction simple circuit is considered be much cheaper terms required equipment, this paper presents some preliminary tests regarding traces issues. As new materials [1] and technologies [2, 3] are emerging market, paste proposed interconnect...

Climate change is having a strong impact on agriculture, and those most affected are small farmers practicing subsistence agriculture. Better management of resources also needed in this context. IoT monitoring tools enable real-time crops to make decisions, for example, regarding irrigation. For them be used by smallholder farmers, the system must inexpensive easy use, preferably with interfaces which user already familiar. We wanted develop low-cost commercially available components...

The object of the paper is a pressure sensor realized in thick-film technology developed at ldquoJozef Stefanrdquo Institute. This also common project which has goal to optimize design acting mainly on layout parameters. Some parameters are determined by LTCC process, for instance thickness diaphragm whose multiple foil thickness. novelty proposed use specific simulation tools give an estimate output characteristics. Using this technique it possible and construction sensor. finite-element...

This paper presents the performances of a pletysmographic sensor used to measure pulse, integrated in ZigBee wireless network. The sensor, based on LED and photo-transistor conditioning circuit its parameters are presented. integration network using development kit (PICDEM Z) concludes paper.

Technological improvements have led to the development of low resistivity materials with higher surface which are capable storing more energy in form electrical charge. These developments as well a better theoretical understanding process charge transfer, that appears double layer type materials, capacitors high capacitance, known EDLC (Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor). It is important for user be able predict behaviour different conditions. This paper introduces platform can used...

High power chip-on-board LEDs dissipate, when operating, a very high amount of heat (up to 80% consumed energy can be converted into dissipated heat). For COB (chip-on-board) LED (light-emitting diode) light fitting, 90% the produced by during operation is through backplate, thus sinking solutions are actively researched. However rest 10% not that well understood, due various convection conditions. Since each Celsius degree essential for component's life span, additional ways removing this...

The paper presents some electrical and thermal tests experiments related to the current capabilities of PCB traces repaired with Nickel-based conductive paste. lack available scientific information in this topic motivated us perform investigation regarding heating a trace segment made from paste during flowing through it. Based on experimental results, authors want offer reliable technical resource case Ni-based or other applications where are used.

This paper presents part of the results obtained after conducting an experiment designed with help Design Experiments (DoE) method. The aim this is to evaluate dependencies between layout design and production quality surface mount (SMT) boards. A test board was specially allow us vary certain factors. DoE method used plan variation these factors in order see their influences on responses. responses analyzed until now are: number tombstones, wetting area, stand-off existence solder balls....