A5102711307- Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Cocoa and Sweet Potato Agronomy
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Online and Blended Learning
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- Education and Learning Interventions
University of Colorado System
2024
University of Colorado Boulder
2024
University of Mount Olive
2024
Chonnam National University
2023
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
2012-2021
Plant (United States)
2011-2021
Agricultural Research Service
2011-2021
United States Department of Agriculture
2004-2021
Michigan State University
1993-2020
Portland State University
2020
RFLP analyses of 16S rDNA nested PCR products from 34 phytoplasma strains with 17 restriction enzymes delineated distinct pattern types. Based on similarity coefficients derived analyses, the representative were differentiated into 14 major groups (termed 16Sr groups) and 32 sub-groups. The patterns between 90% or below. By including additional sub-groups which not performed but for sequence data available to predict sites, a total 41 proposed. combined rRNA ribosomal protein gene sequences,...
Aster yellows (AY) group (16SrI) phytoplasmas are associated with over 100 economically important diseases worldwide and represent the most diverse widespread phytoplasma group. Strains that belong to AY form a phylogenetically discrete subclade within clade related closely stolbur subclade, based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. strains more their culturable relatives, Acholeplasma spp., than any other known. Within six distinct phylogenetic lineages were revealed. Congruent...
Phytoplasmas are cell wall-less bacteria that cause numerous plant diseases. As no phytoplasma has been cultured in cell-free medium, phytoplasmas cannot be differentiated and classified by the traditional methods which applied to culturable prokaryotes. Over past decade, establishment of a classification scheme based on 16S rRNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns enabled accurate reliable identification wide range phytoplasmas. In present study, we expanded this...
Phytoplasmas classified in group 16SrXII infect a wide range of plants and are transmitted by polyphagous planthoppers the family Cixiidae. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence identity biological properties, encompasses several species, including 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense', japonicum' fragariae'. Other phytoplasma strains associated with stolbur disease wild cultivated herbaceous woody bois noir grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Such latter have been informally proposed to represent...
A global phylogenetic analysis using parsimony of 16S rRNA gene sequences from 46 mollicutes, 19 mycoplasmalike organisms (MLOs) (new trivial name, phytoplasmas), and several related bacteria placed the MLOs definitively among members class Mollicutes revealed that form a large discrete monophyletic clade, paraphyletic to Acholeplasma species, within Anaeroplasma clade. Within MLO clade resolved in mollicutes phylogeny comprehensive derived by analyses 30 diverse representative nearly all...
Seventy phytoplasma isolates, including 10 previously characterized reference strains, of the aster yellows group were examined by RFLP analysis PCR-amplified rDNA and sequence tuf gene. On basis restriction profiles, seven proposed 16S subgroups (16SrI-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -F -K) recognized in material examined. In addition, three new that differ profiles identified designated 16SrI-L, 16SrI-M 16SrI-N. Of two types sequences used, an 1800 bp fragment comprising entire rRNA gene 16S-23S spacer...
Obligately microaerophilic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria were found associated with roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel and in root-associated sediments from salt marshes Nova Scotia, Canada, Georgia. These differ previously described species thus represent a new species. The cells all strains which we studied are small, rigid, curved, motile, rod shaped have single polar flagella. Metabolism is respiratory, the utilize organic amino acids, but not carbohydrates, as sole carbon sources....
The secY gene sequence is more variable than that of the 16S rRNA gene. Comparative phylogenetic analyses with and sequences from 80 83 phytoplasma strains, respectively, were performed to assess efficacy these for delineating strains within each 16Sr group. interrelatedness among taxa inferred by gene-based phylogeny was nearly congruent phylogeny. Phylogenetic analysis based on permitted finer differentiation however. not only readily resolved subgroups a given group, but also delineated...
X-disease is one of the most serious diseases known in peach (Prunus persica). Based on RFLP analysis 16S rRNA gene sequences, phytoplasma strains from eastern and western United States Canada were classified group 16SrIII, subgroup A. Phylogenetic analyses sequences revealed that formed a distinct subclade within clade, supporting hypothesis they represented lineage those previously described 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' species. Nucleotide sequence alignments all studied shared less than 97.5...
Mycoplasma-like bodies with helical filaments were seen by phase contrast microscopy in juice expressed from tissues of plants infected corn stunt agent. Each filament is bounded a "unit membrane" and no cell wall, sheath, envelope, or second membrane has yet been discerned electron microscopy. The association these development disease, their occurrence phloem cells as both freeze-etching thin-section microscopy, the diagnosis infection based on presence without symptoms, absence noninfected...
The basidiomycete Moniliophthora roreri is the causal agent of Frosty pod rot (FPR) disease cacao (Theobroma cacao), source chocolate, and FPR one most destructive diseases this important perennial crop in Americas. This hemibiotroph infects only pods has an extended biotrophic phase lasting up to sixty days, culminating plant necrosis sporulation fungus without formation a basidiocarp. We sequenced assembled 52.3 Mb into 3,298 contigs that represent M. genome. Of 17,920 predicted open...
Conserved gene sequences, including 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein were used to evaluate genetic variations in phytoplasma strains belonging groups I (aster yellows related phytoplasmas) III (X-disease phytoplasmas). We PCR amplify the sequences of DNA a segment operon (encoding 3' region rps19, all rp122, rps3) from diverse group strains. Additional chromosomal also amplified. The products amplified members each phytoplasmas compared by performing restriction fragment length polymorphism...
A phytoplasma was detected in naturally diseased 'Chardonnay' grapevines exhibiting symptoms of Australian grapevine yellows disease. The use PCR designed to amplify DNA resulted detection all the plants examined; no healthy seedling grapevines. collective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns amplified 16S ribosomal differed from described previously for other phytoplasmas. On basis RFLP patterns, classified as a representative new subgroup, designated subgroup 16SrI-J,...
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is a valuable ornamental species widely planted in Brazil. Many plants are affected by witches' broom disease, which characterized excessive axillary branching, abnormally small leaves, and deformed flowers, symptoms that characteristic of diseases attributed to phytoplasmas. A phytoplasma was detected diseased amplification rRNA operon sequences PCRs, RFLP nucleotide sequence analyses 16S rDNA. The collective patterns amplified rDNA differed from the described...
Germination of spores Glomus versiforme (Karsten) Berch (=Glomus epigaeum Daniels and Trappe) was greatly reduced by surface disinfestation to remove naturally associated microbial flora. Spores which remained contaminated with bacteria after germinated at a much higher rate than did no evident bacterial contamination. non-surface disinfested minimal on Nobel agar, medium not support visible growth spore-associated bacteria. On Bacto fungi, spore germination when inhibited antibiotics, but...
This study addressed the taxonomic position and group classification of a phytoplasma responsible for virescence phyllody symptoms in naturally diseased Madagascar periwinkle plants western Malaysia. Unique regions 16S rRNA gene from Malaysian (MaPV) distinguished all previously described ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma ’ species. Pairwise sequence similarity scores, calculated through alignment full-length sequences, revealed that MaPV shared 96.5 % or less with Ca. species, justifying recognition...
In 1967, based on their discovery of mycoplasma- like bodies in si eve ele ments yellows-infected plants and the therapeutic effect tetracycline antib iot ics, Doi, Ish iie, coworkers (4 2, 95) pro pose d that causal agents yel lows disease might be or chlam ydia-like organ isms. Since time, considerable rese arch has confirmed morph ologi cal milari ties between presumed yellows Mollicutes (my copla sma) 2 greatly stren gthened hypothesis mycoplasmal etiology (14, 18, 137, 225). Yet,...
In this study, the taxonomic position and group classification of phytoplasma associated with a lethal yellowing-type disease (LYD) coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Mozambique were addressed. Pairwise similarity values based on alignment nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences (1530 bp) revealed that (LYDM) shared 100% identity comparable sequence derived from strain (LDN) responsible for Awka wilt Nigeria, 99.0-99.6% strains Cape St Paul (CSPW) Ghana Côte d'Ivoire. Similarity scores...
As phytoplasmas are discovered at an ever-increasing pace in emerging and re-emerging plant diseases worldwide, the scheme for classification of into 16S rRNA gene RFLP (16Sr) groups subgroups is experiencing ongoing rapid expansion. Improper delineation or designation new can open potential conflicts classifying newly identified phytoplasma strains. To maintain integrity scheme, criteria must be followed, proper registration should required to track established subgroups.
Phytoplasmas associated with the plant diseases ash yellows (AshY, occurring in Fraxinus) and lilac witches'-broom (LWB, Syringa) represent a putative species-level taxon. Phytoplasmal DNA from 19 or sources across known geographic range of AshY (71–113 °W) was examined to determine if LWB phytoplasmas are coherent group, variability exists both conserved anonymous DNA, 16S rDNA is related host origin. The rRNA gene 16S-23S spacer were amplified using primer pair P1/P7 analysed 15...