This paper explores virtualization technologies and cloud computing for migrating an existing real-time safety-critical railway use-case from dedicated hardware solutions. Cloud is rapidly gaining popularity in many domains as they provide benefits such higher availability, scalability, efficient resource utilization. We examine deploying a (private) Real-Time(RT)-Cloud on COTS server to run while meeting stringent safety security requirements. base our migration review comparison relevant...

In mixed-criticality systems, resource management services are required to recognize and fulfill system wide high-level constraints, e.g., end-to-end deadlines. This is not possible through individual resources in isolation. Instead, a system-wide view necessary which requires decisions. the European FP7 project DREAMS, for adaptability of applications consuming several provided via hierarchical management. The promising target passive as well an active attacker since it deals with critical...

The increasing interest in adopting cloud technologies for Industry 4.0 and mixed-criticality environments is paving the way compelling new opportunities challenges. However, deployments use multicore processors that introduce interference between co-executing applications on different cores due to contention shared resources, such as memory subsystem. Such can cause critical miss their deadlines. To enable co-execution of non-critical same processor, we propose an approach guarantees access...

Industries are considering the adoption of cloud computing for real-time applications due to current improvements in network latencies and advent Fog Edge computing. To create an RT-cloud capable hosting applications, it is increasingly significant improve entire stack, including containerization their deployment orchestration across nodes. However, state-of-the-art orchestrators (e.g., Kubernetes) underlying container engines designed general-purpose applications. They ignore management...

Industries are recently considering the adoption of cloud computing for hosting safety critical applications. However, use multicore processors usually adopted in introduces temporal anomalies due to contention shared resources, such as memory subsystem. In this paper we explore potential Intel's Memory Bandwidth Allocation (MBA) technology, available on Xeon Scalable processors. By adopting a systematic measurement approach real hardware, assess indirect bandwidth limitation achievable by...

Safety-Critical (SC) applications require high availability, possibility of run-time reconfiguration, and significant resource over-provisioning. Furthermore, they suffer from hardware obsolescence due to the use custom or specialized hardware. Cloud computing could be used resolve these issues. Moreover, improve SC systems suffering scalability issues, e.g., every growing railway network. However, low latencies guarantees that are currently not possible on clouds. In this paper, we explore...

With the increasing use of multicore platforms to realize mixed-criticality systems, understanding underlying shared resources, such as memory hierarchy among cores, and achieving isolation between co-executing tasks running on same platform with different criticality levels becomes relevant. In addition safety considerations, a malicious entity can exploit resources create timing attacks critical applications. this paper, we focus DRAM dual in-line module created attack, that named "bank &...

With the increasing use of multicore platforms to realize mixed-criticality systems, understanding underlying shared resources, such as memory hierarchy among cores, and achieving isolation between co-executing tasks running on same platform with different criticality levels becomes relevant. In addition safety considerations, a malicious entity can exploit resources create timing attacks critical applications. this paper, we focus DRAM dual in-line module created attack, that named "bank &...

Edge computing processes data near its source, reducing latency and enhancing security compared to traditional cloud while providing benefits. This paper explores edge for migrating an existing safety-critical robotics use case from onboard dedicated hardware solution. We propose architecture based on Linux, Docker containers, Kubernetes, a local wireless area network the TTWiFi protocol. Inspired by previous work real-time cloud, we complement with resource management orchestration layer...

There is increasing interest in using Linux the real-time domain due to emergence of cloud and edge computing, need decrease costs, growing number complex functional non-functional requirements applications. presents a valuable opportunity as it has rich hardware support, an open-source development model, well-established programming environment, avoids vendor lock-in. Although was initially developed general-purpose operating system, some capabilities have been added kernel over many years...

The improvements in network latency and the advent of Edge computing have inspired industries to explore providing Real-time (RT) applications as cloud-based services benefit from availability, scalability, efficient hardware resource utilization clouds. It is crucial improve entire stack, including applications' containerization, container deployment, orchestration across nodes host RT cloud. However, state-of-the-art orchestrators, e.g., Kubernetes (K8s), underlying Linux containerization...

The automotive industry is looking into integrated architecture to combine multiple application subsystems of different criticalities on the readily available low-cost multicore platforms as they promise several benefits. However, it difficult achieve required isolation and guarantees in such an due contention shared resources, e.g., CPU, shared-bus, memory (controller). This can cause unpredictable delays leading deadline misses real-time applications. We propose a low overhead modular...

Existing global resource management approaches for real-time and safety-critical applications deployed on distributed systems consisting of multicore many -core nodes don't consider safety security together the itself. In this work, we propose an approach considering using re-orchestration decision-making to complement existing approaches. The implemetation our framework is based Hyperledger Sawtooth blockchain smart contracts.

Real-time and safety-critical applications deployed on distributed systems with multicore nodes compete for system resources such as CPU, memory, network. A resource management service a global view is needed to monitor make decisions orchestrate these provision them the at run-time even in presence of faults or varying demand availability ensure: (i) real-time produce desired output under stringent timing constraints, (ii) behave per their safety assurance levels. Previous approaches...

Industries are considering the adoption of cloud and edge computing for real-time applications due to current improvements in network latencies advent Fog Edge computing. Current paradigms not designed applications, as they neither provide low latencies/jitter nor guarantees determinism required by applications. Experts estimate that data centers use 1% global electricity powering equipment, turn, dealing with produced heat. Hence, energy consumption is a crucial metric technologies....

Industries are recently considering the adoption of cloud computing for hosting safety critical applications. However, use multicore processors usually adopted in introduces temporal anomalies due to contention shared resources, such as memory subsystem. In this paper we explore potential Intel's Memory Bandwidth Allocation (MBA) technology, available on Xeon Scalable processors. By adopting a systematic measurement approach real hardware, assess indirect bandwidth limitation achievable by...