Critical national infrastructures, including energy, transport, digital communications, and water, are prone to flood damage. Their geographical extent is a determinant of, determined by, patterns of human development, which often concentrated in floodplains. It important understand how infrastructure systems react large‐scale flooding. In this paper, we present an integrated framework for critical impact assessment. Within framework, represent interdependent assets through spatial network...

Abstract While emerging regional evidence shows that atmospheric rivers (ARs) can exert strong impacts on local water availability and flooding, their role in shaping global hydrological extremes has not yet been investigated. Here we quantify the relative contribution of ARs variability to both flood hazard availability. We find globally, precipitation from contributes 22% total runoff, with a number regions reaching 50% or more. In areas where influence is strongest, may increase...

Abstract Scour (localized erosion by water) is an important risk to bridges, and hence many infrastructure networks, around the world. In Britain, scour has caused failure of railway bridges crossing rivers in more than 50 flood events. These events have been investigated detail, providing a data set with which we develop test model quantify risk. The analysis formulated terms generic, transferrable network model. For some bridge failures, severity causative was recorded or can be...

Critical infrastructures vulnerability assessment involves understanding various sociotechnological aspects of modern day infrastructures. While vulnerabilities exist at different scales, failures large-scale installations in are significant because they lead towards widespread social and economic disruptions. There is growing awareness the multiple potential causes failure, including those due to dependence upon other This paper establishes a framework for national analysis interdependent...

Abstract Failure of critical national infrastructures can cause disruptions with widespread economic impacts. To analyze these impacts, we present an integrated modeling framework that combines: (1) geospatial information on infrastructure assets/networks and the natural hazards to which they are exposed; (2) reliance businesses upon services, in order quantify disruption locations activities event failures; (3) multiregional supply-use wider impacts businesses. The methodology is...

Rail networks entail multiple interdependencies which can initiate or propagate network failures with serious consequences for the movement of trains and passengers. In this study, we present a rail infrastructure system-of-systems model be used to simulate disruptions network's operations propose performance metric based on train passenger delay minutes. We demonstrate applicability our by evaluating resilience southern region Great Britain's in scenarios failure initiated traction power...

The economy and well-being of modern societies relies on complex interdependent infrastructure systems to enable delivery utilities movement goods, people services. This complexity has resulted in an increased potential for cascading failures, whereby small scale initial failures one system can result events catastrophic proportions across the wider network. Resilience emerging concept resilience engineering within are among main concerns those managing such systems. However, disparate...

Abstract In December 2015, a cyber‐physical attack took place on the Ukrainian electricity distribution network. This is regarded as one of first attacks infrastructure to have led substantial power outage and illustrative increasing vulnerability Critical National Infrastructure this type malicious activity. Few data points, coupled with rapid emergence cyber phenomena, has held back development resilience analytics attacks, relative many other threats. We propose overcome limitations by...

Abstract Many drinking water utilities face immense challenges in supplying sustainable, drought-resilient services to households. Here we propose a quantified framework perform drought risk analysis on ~5600 potable supply and evaluate the benefit of adaptation actions. We identify global hotspots present-day mid-century under future scenarios climate change demand growth (namely, SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5). estimate mean rate unsustainable or disrupted utility at 15% (interquartile...

Ports are highly susceptible to compound climate events due their coastal locations, which subject them various interacting hazards. This study develops a novel multi-impact risk assessment framework that accounts for both the likelihood of simultaneous hazards (accounting temperature, sea level, wind, precipitation and wave extremes) compounded effects on complex port infrastructure systems. Beyond evaluating potential physical damages assets, methodology also examines operational downtimes...

Reliable road infrastructure is vital for daily commuters and economic activities in the UK, yet it faces growing flood risks due to climate change. Effective risk management requires an integrated approach that includes pre-disaster traffic flow modelling, direct damage estimation, disruption recovery analysis quantify systemic failure impacts. Indirect costs from disruptions are frequently oversimplified, often estimated as multipliers of damages. While rerouting models applied current...

The Caribbean islands are extremely vulnerable to extreme storms and floods. Infrastructure systems, including energy, transport water supply networks, often disproportionately exposed such extremes. Climate hazard impacts can be propagated through infrastructure networks far away from places where the event hit. Post-disaster repairing replacing of infrastructures take months or even years, denying people essential services adding financial burdens on governments. countries have large stock...

<title>Abstract</title> Metals are essential to the global economy, yet traditional criticality assessments—often based solely on geographic concentration of mining production—overlook corporate control dimension risk. This study analyzes trends in both production location and ownership across 12 critical metals from 2000 2022 using data S&amp;P Capital IQ Pro. We quantify market via Hirschman–Herfindahl Index (HHI) compare production-based ownership-based measures, while assessing...

Abstract Failure of critical national infrastructures can result in major disruptions to society and the economy. Understanding criticality individual assets geographic areas which they are located is essential for targeting investments reduce risks enhance system resilience. Within this study we provide new insights into real‐life infrastructure networks by integrating high‐resolution data on location, connectivity, interdependence, usage. We propose a metric terms number users who may be...

Abstract Infrastructure adaptation measures provide a practical way to reduce the risk from extreme hydrometeorological hazards, such as floods and windstorms. The benefit of adapting infrastructure assets is evaluated reduction in relative “do nothing” case. However, evaluating full benefits challenging because complexity systems, scarcity data, uncertainty future climatic changes. We address this challenge by integrating methods study climate adaptation, complex networks. In doing so, we...