A5070383831- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Ovarian function and disorders
- Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
University of Colorado Boulder
2015-2024
University of Colorado System
1999-2023
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
2017-2021
National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
2010-2019
Bournemouth University
2017
Osaka University
1993-2015
Tokushima University
1988-2015
Children's Medical Center
2014
Tokyo University of Agriculture
2013
Astellas Pharma (Japan)
2008-2010
Executive functions (EFs)-a set of general-purpose control processes that regulate one's thoughts and behaviors-have become a popular research topic lately have been studied in many subdisciplines psychological science. This article summarizes the EF our group has conducted to understand nature individual differences EFs their cognitive biological underpinnings. In context new theoretical framework we developing (the unity/diversity framework), describe four general conclusions emerged from...
This study used data from 220 adults to examine the relations among 3 inhibition-related functions. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that Prepotent Response Inhibition and Resistance Distractor Interference were closely related, but both unrelated Proactive Interference. Structural equation modeling, which combined into a single latent variable, indicated 1 aspect of random number generation performance, task-switching ability, everyday cognitive failures related Response-Distractor...
Recent psychological and neuropsychological research suggests that executive functions--the cognitive control processes regulate thought action--are multifaceted different types of functions are correlated but separable. The present multivariate twin study 3 (inhibiting dominant responses, updating working memory representations, shifting between task sets), measured as latent variables, examined why people vary in these abilities separable from a behavioral genetic perspective. Results...
Accumulating evidence suggests that executive functions (EFs) are related to intelligence, despite neuropsychological results initially considered of no such relation. However, findings EFs not unitary raise the issue how intelligence relates different EFs. This study examined relations fluid and crystallized Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IQ three separable EFs—inhibiting prepotent responses (inhibiting), shifting mental sets (shifting), updating working memory (updating)—in young...
Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, less susceptibility crime addictions. In contrast, failure is maladaptive outcomes. Understanding mechanisms by which predicts behavior may assist promoting regulation A popular approach understanding strength or resource depletion model. Self-control conceptualized a limited that becomes depleted after period of exertion resulting failure....
This study examined the relationships among visuospatial working memory (WM) executive functioning, and spatial abilities. One hundred sixty-seven participants performed short-term (STM) WM span tasks, functioning a set of paper-and-pencil tests abilities that load on 3 correlated but distinguishable factors (Spatial Visualization, Spatial Relations, Perceptual Speed). Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that, in domain, processing-and-storage tasks storage-oriented STM equally...
The current study demonstrates the separability of spatial and verbal working memory resources among college students. In Experiment 1, we developed a span task that taxes both processing storage components memory. This measure correlates with ability (spatial visualization) measures, but not measures. contrast, reading test, common test memory, 2, which uses an interference paradigm to cross demands tasks, replicates this dissociation further tasks are important for predicting performance...
Writing to Close Gaps Some have questioned whether findings in the laboratory obtained under controlled conditions and limited contexts bear any relevance behavior real-world environments which ordinary people cope with real-life challenges. Recent studies shown a replicable long-term effect of brief writing exercise on academic performance African-American seventh graders an inner-city public school. Miyake et al. (p. 1234 ) extended this approach show that similar kind can help reduce...
We characterized an activation mechanism of the human LTRPC2 protein, a member transient receptor potential family ion channels, and demonstrated that mediates Ca2+ influx into immunocytes. Intracellular pyrimidine nucleotides, adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADPR), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), directly activated LTRPC2, which functioned as Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel enabled cells. This was suppressed by intracellular triphosphate. These results reveal ADPR NAD act...
Behavioral disinhibition has been characterized as a generalized vulnerability to externalizing disorders. Despite increasing evidence for its validity and heritability, the structural stability of behavioral across adolescence strength etiology relation executive functions have not studied. In this multivariate twin study, authors assessed using measures tapping substance use, conduct disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), novelty seeking at ages 12 17. Executive were...
We examined whether self-restraint in early childhood predicted individual differences 3 executive functions (EFs; inhibiting prepotent responses, updating working memory, and shifting task sets) late adolescence a sample of approximately 950 twins. At ages 14, 20, 24, 36 months, the children were shown an attractive toy told not to touch it for 30 s. Latency increased with age, latent class growth modeling distinguished 2 groups that differed their latencies at all 4 time points. Using...
This study examined the relation between musical ability and second-language (L2) proficiency in adult learners. L2 was assessed four domains: receptive phonology, productive syntax, lexical knowledge. Also were various other factors that might explain individual differences ability, including age of immersion, patterns language use exposure, phonological short-term memory. Hierarchical regression analyses conducted to determine if explained any unique variance each domain after controlling...
The present study explored whether different executive control and speed measures (working memory, inhibition, processing speed, naming speed) independently predict individual differences in word reading comprehension. Although previous studies suggest these cognitive constructs are important for reading, the authors analyze simultaneously to test each is a unique predictor. Latent variables from 483 participants (ages 8-16 years) were used portion construct into its shared variance. In...
Executive functions (EFs)-the higher level cognitive abilities that enable us to control our own thoughts and actions-continue develop into early adulthood, yet no longitudinal study has examined their stability during the important life transition from late adolescence young adulthood. In this twin (total N = 840 individuals 424 families), we of individual differences in 3 EF components across a 6-year period, approximately age 17 years (Wave 1) 23 2). Specifically, address following...
Social science researchers have increasingly focused on understanding the precursors to gender disparities favoring men in physical sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics (pSTEM). In current work, we hypothesized that core social need belong explains persistence pSTEM for women more so than men. We conducted three field studies with data from close 3,000 participants bridging a wide span of higher education levels differing fields. each study, found sense belonging Moreover,...
Abstract This paper presents a theory of syntactic comprehension disorders in aphasic patients. In line with some recent proposals, the current assumes that patients still possess structural (syntactic) and procedural knowledge necessary to perform analysis. paper, however, postulates patients' deficits originate, at least part, from reductions working memory capacity for language. Based on recently developed constraints normal language (Just&Carpenter, 1992), explains how can lead pattern...