This study examined the relationships among visuospatial working memory (WM) executive functioning, and spatial abilities. One hundred sixty-seven participants performed short-term (STM) WM span tasks, functioning a set of paper-and-pencil tests abilities that load on 3 correlated but distinguishable factors (Spatial Visualization, Spatial Relations, Perceptual Speed). Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that, in domain, processing-and-storage tasks storage-oriented STM equally...

The current study demonstrates the separability of spatial and verbal working memory resources among college students. In Experiment 1, we developed a span task that taxes both processing storage components memory. This measure correlates with ability (spatial visualization) measures, but not measures. contrast, reading test, common test memory, 2, which uses an interference paradigm to cross demands tasks, replicates this dissociation further tasks are important for predicting performance...

Does cognitive training work? There are numerous commercial interventions claiming to improve general mental capacity; however, the scientific evidence for such claims is sparse. Nevertheless, there accumulating that certain effective. Here we provide effectiveness of (often called “brain”) training. However, demonstrate important individual differences determine and transfer. We trained elementary middle school children by means a videogame-like working memory task. found only who...

Abstract In this article, we examine the role of visuospatial cognition in chemistry learning. We review three related kinds literature: correlational studies spatial abilities and learning, students' conceptual errors difficulties understanding visual representations, visualization tools that have been designed to help overcome these limitations. On basis our review, conclude more general reasoning skills are relevant some due operating on internal external effective helping students may...

The article proposes that graph comprehension emerges from an integrated sequence of several types processes: pattern-recognition processes encode graphic patterns, interpretive operate on those patterns to retrieve or construct qualitative and quantitative meanings, integrative relate these meanings the referents inferred labels titles. model is supported by 2 studies examine pattern durations eye fixations as a person interprets line graphs answers questions about vary in type complexity....

1. Functional significance of visuospatial representations Barbara Tversky 2. Visuospatial images Daniel Reisberg and Friderike Heuer 3. Disorders working memory Robert Logie Sergio Della Sala 4. Individual differences in spatial abilities Mary Hegarty David Waller 5. Sex abilities: more than meets the eye Diane F. Halpern Marcia L. Collear 6. Development competence Nora S. Newcombe Amy E. Learmonth 7. Navigation R. Montello 8. Mapping understanding maps Holly A. Taylor 9. Spatial situation...

Graphical displays are frequently used to express quantitative information in texts, but viewers sometimes unable comprehend and learn the relevant information. According a cognitive analysis, graph interpretation involves (a) relatively simple pattern perception association processes which can associate graphic patterns referents (b) more complex error-prone inferential must mentally transform data. Experiment 1 establishes that graphs be redesigned improve viewers' interpretations by...

Previous research has shown that when processing visual scenes, Westerners attend to salient objects and East Asians the relationships between focal background elements. It is possible cross-cultural differences in attentional allocation contribute these earlier findings. In this article, authors investigate cultural two experiments, using a change detection paradigm. They demonstrate are better than Americans at detecting color changes layout of set colored blocks expanded cover wider...

This experiment investigated the effect of format (line vs. bar), viewers' familiarity with variables, and graphicacy (graphical literacy) skills on comprehension multivariate (three variable) data presented in graphs. Fifty-five undergraduates provided written descriptions for a set 14 line or bar graphs, half which depicted variables familiar to population unfamiliar population. Participants then took test skills. As predicted, influenced interpretations data. Specifically, viewers were...

Many well-cited theories for visualization design state that a visual representation should be optimized quick and immediate interpretation by user. Distracting elements like decorative "chartjunk" or extraneous information are avoided so as not to slow comprehension. Yet several recent studies in research provide evidence non-efficient may benefit comprehension recall on the part of users. Similarly, findings from related learning displays various subfields psychology suggest introducing...

Cognitive training often utilizes game-like motivational features to keep participants engaged. It is unclear how these elements, such as feedback, reward, and theming impact player performance during training. Recent research suggests that motivation engagement are closely related improvements following cognitive We hypothesized paradigms featuring elements would be more effective than a version with no elements. Five distinct were chosen for examination: real-time scoring system, theme...

Decades of research suggest that learning styles, or the belief people learn better when they receive instruction in their dominant way learning, may be one most pervasive myths about cognition. Nonetheless, little is known what it means to believe styles. The present investigation uses theoretical framework—psychological essentialism—to explore content and consistency people’s style beliefs. Psychological essentialism a certain categories (such as dogs, girls, visual learners) have an...