Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have recently established their capacity to provide cost-effective and credible solutions for various real-world scenarios. UAVs an immense variety of services due autonomy, mobility, adaptability, communications interoperability. Despite the expansive use support ground communications, data exchanges in those networks are susceptible security threats because most communication is through radio or Wi-Fi signals, which easy hack. While several techniques exist...

Abstract Osteopenia is a condition characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) that increases fracture risk, particularly among postmenopausal women (PMW). This study aimed to determine the effects of Kinect-based VRT on BMD and risk in PMW with osteopenia. The was prospective, two-arm, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial. enrolled 52 participants, 26 randomly assigned each group. In experimental group, provided thrice weekly for 24 weeks 45 min/session. Both groups were...

Background and Objectives: Prediabetes is a medical disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels that exceed normal but do not meet the criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to assess impact structured exercise manual interventions on biochemical markers sedentary prediabetic patients over sixteen weeks. Materials Methods: A sixteen-weeks randomized controlled trial was conducted an exercise-based program markers, such as HbA1c, insulin sensitivity measures,...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have significant potential for agile communication and relief coordination in post-disaster scenarios, particularly when ground infrastructure is compromised. However, efficiently coordinating securing flocks of heterogeneous UAVs from different service providers poses challenges related to privacy, scalability, lightweight consensus protocols, comprehensive cybersecurity mechanisms. This study introduces a robust blockchain-enabled framework designed tackle...

Osteopenia, caused by estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women (PMW), lowers Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and increases bone fragility. It affects about half of older women's social physical health. PMW experience pain disability, impacting their health-related Quality Life (QoL) function. This study aimed to determine the effects Kinect-based Virtual Reality Training (VRT) on performance QoL with osteopenia.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), an emerging architecture that embodies flying ad-hoc networks, face critical privacy and security challenges, mainly when engaged in data-sensitive missions. Therefore, message authentication is a crucial feature drone communications. This paper presents Blockchain-based Efficient, Trusted Authentication scheme for UAV communication, BETA-UAV, which exploits the inherent properties of blockchain technology concerning memorability immutable to record...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), an emerging architecture that embodies flying ad-hoc networks, face critical privacy and security challenges, mainly when engaged in data-sensitive missions. Therefore, message authentication is a crucial feature for drone communication. This paper presents Blockchain-based Efficient, Trusted Authentication scheme UAV communication BETA-UAV, which exploits the inherent properties of blockchain technology concerning memorability immutable to record sessions via...

Exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for delivery services is expected to reduce time and human resource costs. However, the proximity of these UAVs ground can make them an ideal target opportunistic criminals. Consequently, may be hacked, diverted from their destinations, or used malicious purposes. Furthermore, as a decentralized (peer-to-peer) technology, blockchain has immense potential enable secure, decentralized, cooperative communication among UAVs. With this goal in mind, we...

Bioaerosol emissions from waste management operations and facilities are a potential hazard for human environmental health.This study was aimed to assess the concentration as well identification of bacteria fungi, their seasonal variation association with meteorological measurements at solid (SWM) sites.A total 16 air samples were collected between October 2017 March 2018 in wet dry seasons by using Portable Dust Sampler.Samples analyzed both culture molecular methods.The culturable...

This study aims to analyze the effect of ability, motivation, and opportunity‐enhancing high‐performance human resource practices (HPHRP's) on team performance in development sector projects, explore whether trust mediates this relationship. Using structured‐questionnaire, 192 survey responses were collected from both managerial nonmanagerial positions national international NPOs operating Pakistan. Results showed a positive relationship between ability motivation opportunity enhancing...

Privacy, scalability, and reliability are significant challenges in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks as distributed systems, especially when employing machine learning (ML) technologies with substantial data exchange. Recently, the application of federated (FL) to UAV has improved collaboration, privacy, resilience, adaptability, making it a promising framework for applications. However, implementing FL introduces drawbacks such communication overhead, synchronization issues,...

Emergency communication is critical but challenging after natural disasters when ground infrastructure devastated. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer enormous potential for agile relief coordination in these scenarios. However, effectively leveraging UAV fleets poses additional challenges around security, privacy, and efficient collaboration across response agencies. This paper presents a robust blockchain-enabled framework to address by integrating consortium blockchain model, smart...

Exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for delivery services is expected to reduce time and human resource costs. However, the proximity of these UAVs ground can make them an ideal target opportunistic criminals. Consequently, may be hacked, diverted from their destinations, or used malicious purposes. Furthermore, as a decentralized (peer-to-peer) technology, blockchain has immense potential enable secure, decentralized, cooperative communication among UAVs. With this goal in mind, we...

BACKGROUND: Escala de Calidad vida Osteoporosis (ECOS-16) was originally developed in Spanish to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) post-menopausal women (PMW) with osteoporosis or osteopenia based on osteoporosis-specific QoL instruments. ECOS-16 has been translated into several languages, but Urdu version is not yet available. OBJECTIVE: To translate Questionnaire and determine its validity reliability PMW osteopenia. METHODS: This a linguistic study. using Beaton’s guidelines. Content...

Adhesive capsulitis is frequently recognized as ‘Frozen Shoulder’, which characterized by primarily painful joint range of motions and later progressively restricted motion the glenohumeral joint. Other common names used for adhesive includes ‘Periarthritis Painful stiff shoulder’ ‘Shoulder arthrofibrosis’. Objective: To compare effects scapular proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation Myofascial release techniques on pain function in dyskinesia associated with capsulitis. Methods: Quasi...

Background: Increased risk for the baby and higher perinatal mortality are related to birth after 42 weeks. To find out whether a delivery occurs within span of 24 hours, assessment cervix through Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) Bishop’s Score two methods. Objectives: accuracy transvaginal ultrasound cervical length know success induction labor in primigravidas at term. Setting: Department Obs Gynae Civil Hospital, Bahawalpur. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Nov 1st 2016...