In order to quantify the energy efficiency of a wireless network, power consumption entire system needs be captured. this article, necessary extensions with respect existing performance evaluation frameworks are discussed. The most important addenda proposed framework (E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> F) sophisticated model for various base station types, as well large-scale long-term traffic models. BS maps RF output...

Appliance Load Monitoring (ALM) is essential for energy management solutions, allowing them to obtain appliance-specific consumption statistics that can further be used devise load scheduling strategies optimal utilization. Fine-grained monitoring achieved by deploying smart power outlets on every device of interest; however it incurs extra hardware cost and installation complexity. Non-Intrusive (NILM) an attractive method disaggregation, as discern devices from the aggregated data acquired...

While 5G is being tested worldwide and anticipated to be rolled out gradually in 2019, researchers around the world are beginning turn their attention what 6G might 10+ years time, there already initiatives various countries focusing on research of possible technologies. This article aims extend vision more ambitious scenarios a distant future speculates visionary technologies that could provide step changes needed for enabling 6G.

5G is the next cellular generation and expected to quench growing thirst for taxing data rates enable Internet of Things. Focused research standardization work have been addressing corresponding challenges from radio perspective while employing advanced features, such as network densification, massive multiple-input-multiple-output antennae, coordinated multi-point processing, inter-cell interference mitigation techniques, carrier aggregation, new spectrum exploration. Nevertheless, a...

In this paper, a survey of the literature past 15 years involving machine learning (ML) algorithms applied to self-organizing cellular networks is performed. order for future overcome current limitations and address issues systems, it clear that more intelligence needs be deployed so fully autonomous flexible network can enabled. This paper focuses on perspective (SON) solutions provides, not only an overview most common ML techniques encountered in but also manages classify each terms its...

While an al dente character of 5G is yet to emerge, network densification, miscellany node types, split control and data plane, virtualization, heavy localized cache, infrastructure sharing, concurrent operation at multiple frequency bands, simultaneous use different medium access physical layers, flexible spectrum allocations can be envisioned as some the potential ingredients 5G. It not difficult prognosticate that with such a conglomeration technologies, complexity OPEX become biggest...

The ultra-dense network (UDN) has been considered as a promising candidate for future 5G networks to meet the explosive data demand. To realize UDN, reliable, gigahertz bandwidth, and cost-effective backhaul connecting ultradense small-cell BSs macrocell BS are prerequisite. Millimeter-wave can provide potential gigabit-per-second traffic wireless backhaul. Moreover, mmWave easily be integrated with massive MIMO improved link reliability. In this article, we discuss feasibility of...

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) as well other orthogonal multiple access techniques fail to achieve the system capacity limit in uplink due exclusivity resource allocation. This issue is more prominent when fairness among users considered system. Current Non-Orthogonal (NOMA) introduce redundancy by coding/spreading facilitate users' signals separation at receiver, which degrade spectral efficiency. Hence, order higher capacity, efficient NOMA schemes need be developed....

This article surveys the literature over period of last decade on emerging field self organisation as applied to wireless cellular communication networks. Self has been extensively studied and in adhoc networks, sensor networks autonomic computer networks; however context this is first attempt put perspective various efforts form a tutorial/survey. We provide comprehensive survey existing literature, projects standards organising Additionally, we also aim present clear understanding active...

Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism shows a great potential to break the performance bottleneck of Proof-of-Work (PoW)-based blockchain systems, which typically support only dozens transactions per second and require minutes hours for transaction confirmation. However, due frequent inter-node communications, PBFT has poor node scalability thus it is adopted in small networks. To enable large systems such as massive Internet Things (IoT) ecosystems blockchain, this...

The parameters of physical layer radio frame for 5th generation (5G) mobile cellular systems are expected to be flexibly configured cope with diverse requirements different scenarios and services. This paper presents a structure design, which is specifically targeting Internet Things (IoT) provision in 5G wireless communication systems. We design suitable numerology support the typical characteristics, that is, massive connection density small bursty packet transmissions constraint low-cost...

With the explosion of wireless communications in number users and data rates, reduction network power consumption becomes more critical. This is especially true for base stations which represent a dominant share total cellular networks. In order to study techniques, convenient model required, providing estimates different scenarios. paper proposes such model, accurate but simple use. It evaluates station types cells supporting 3GPP LTE standard. flexible enough enable comparisons between...

Blockchain has shown a great potential in Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems for establishing trust and consensus mechanisms without involvement any third party. Understanding the relationship between communication blockchain as well performance constraints posing on counterparts can facilitate designing dedicated blockchain-enabled IoT systems. In this paper, we establish an analytical model wireless system. By considering spatio-temporal domain Poisson distribution, i.e., node...

Abstract Today, patients are demanding a newer and more sophisticated health care system, one that is personalized matches the speed of modern life. For latency energy efficiency requirements to be met for real‐time collection analysis data, an edge computing environment answer, combined with 5G speeds techniques. Previous surveys have focused on new fog architecture sensor types, which leaves untouched aspect optimal techniques, such as encryption, authentication, classification used...

The increasing number of studies that underline the relationship between industry 4.0 and sustainability shows is one pillars smart factories. Through a bibliometric performance network analysis (BPNA), this research describes existing sustainability, strategic themes from 2010 to March 2019, as well gaps for proposing future work. With goal in mind, 894 documents 5621 keywords were included analysis, which treated with support Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool (SciMAT). presented...

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an urgent need for effective contact tracing solutions through mobile phone applications to prevent the infection from spreading further. However, due nature tracing, public concern on privacy issues been a bottleneck existing solutions, which is significantly affecting uptake across globe. In this paper, we present blockchain-enabled privacy-preserving scheme: BeepTrace, where propose adopt blockchain bridging user/patient and authorized solvers...

The need to have equitable access quality healthcare is enshrined in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which defines developmental agenda of UN for next 15 years. In particular, third SDG focuses on “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being all at ages”. this paper, we build case that 5G wireless technology, along with concomitant emerging technologies (such as IoT, big data, artificial intelligence machine learning), will transform global systems near future....

The sixth-generation (6G) network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications, such as multi-gigabit transmission rate, higher reliability, sub-1 ​ms latency ubiquitous connection for Internet Everything (IoE). However, with scarcity spectrum resources, efficient resource management sharing are crucial achieving all these ambitious requirements. One possible technology achieve this is blockchain. Because its...

During the past decade, Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized ubiquitous computing with multitude applications built around various types sensors. A vast amount activity is seen in IoT based product-lines and this expected to grow years come projections as high billions devices on average 6-7 per person by year 2020. With most issues at device protocol levels solved during there now a growing trend integration sensors sensor systems cyber physical device-to-device (D2D) communications....

Human motion detection is getting considerable attention in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven healthcare systems. can be used to provide remote solutions for vulnerable people by identifying particular movements such as falls, gait and breathing disorders. This allow live more independent lifestyles still have safety being monitored if direct care needed. At present wearable devices real time monitoring deploying equipment on a person's body. However, putting body all make it...

New technological advancements in wireless networks have enlarged the number of connected devices. The unprecedented surge data volume systems empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) opens up new horizons for providing ubiquitous data-driven intelligent services. Traditional cloud-centric machine learning (ML)-based services are implemented centrally collecting datasets and training models. However, this conventional technique encompasses two challenges: (i) high communication energy cost...