In order to quantify the energy efficiency of a wireless network, power consumption entire system needs be captured. this article, necessary extensions with respect existing performance evaluation frameworks are discussed. The most important addenda proposed framework (E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> F) sophisticated model for various base station types, as well large-scale long-term traffic models. BS maps RF output...

With the explosion of wireless communications in number users and data rates, reduction network power consumption becomes more critical. This is especially true for base stations which represent a dominant share total cellular networks. In order to study techniques, convenient model required, providing estimates different scenarios. paper proposes such model, accurate but simple use. It evaluates station types cells supporting 3GPP LTE standard. flexible enough enable comparisons between...

The power efficiency of cellular base stations is a crucial element to maintain sustainability future mobile networks. To investigate network concepts, good model required which highly flexible evaluate the diversity saving options. This paper presents an advanced supports broad range scenarios and station types, features configurations. In addition consumption, also provides values on hardware sleep capabilities (sleep depths, transition times, savings). discusses technology trends scaling...

Using ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is promising new application. However, there are currently no detailed models describing the UWB radio channel around human body making it difficult design suitable communication system. To address this problem, we have measured propagation in typical indoor environment and incorporated these results into simple model. We then implemented model computer compared experimental data with...

Body worn wireless sensors for monitoring health information is a promising new application. In developing these sensors, communication channel model essential. However, there are currently few measurements or models describing propagation around the body. To address this problem, we have measured electromagnetic waves near torso and derived relevant statistics. We find that components diffracting body well modeled using correlated log normal variables, Nakagami-m distribution can be used to...

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget autonomous sensor nodes. radio interface is major challenge, since its power must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most complexity an UWB system receiver, which perfect scenario WBAN context. Second, very little hardware transmitter offers...

In order to quantify the energy savings in wireless networks, power consumption of entire system needs be captured and an appropriate efficiency evaluation framework must defined. this paper, necessary enhancements over existing performance frameworks are discussed, such that network comprising component, node level contributions can quantified. The most important addendums include a sophisticated model for various base station (BS) types, which maps RF output radiated at antenna elements...

This article presents frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) radars developed for the detection of vital signs and gestures using two generations 145-GHz transceivers (TRXs) integrated in 28-nm bulk CMOS. The performance limitations high-frequency are quantified with a system-level study, design individual circuit blocks presented detail. A center frequency radar operation over an RF bandwidth 10 GHz yield displacement responsivity 2 π rad/mm windowed range resolution 30 mm,...

Using wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is promising new application. In developing these sensors, detailed knowledge of the communication channel essential. However, there are currently very few measurements describing propagation around body. To address this problem, we have measured electromagnetic waves traveling near torso derive simple pathless law. The law then extended include influence arm movements and surrounding office environment....

We propose an all-digital UWB transmitter architecture that exploits the low duty cycle of impulse-radio to achieve ultra-low power consumption. The design supports IEEE 802.15.4a standard and is demonstrated for its mandatory mode. A digitally controlled oscillator produces RF carrier between 3 10 GHz. It embedded in a phase-aligned frequency-locked loop starts up 2 ns thus signal can be as 3%. fully dynamic modulator shapes BPSK symbols discrete steps at 499.2 MHz chip rate required by...

Indoor radar applications detecting people, vital signs and minute gestures require a high range resolution. This paper presents 145GHz FMCW transceiver with on-chip antennas in 28nm bulk CMOS. An RF bandwidth of 13GHz yields an 11mm resolution, the carrier permits greater velocity MIMO-angular external chirp signal at 16.1GHz is upconverted to via cascade two frequency triplers RX TX. For MIMO operation, central from sub-sampling PLL integrated CMOS [1] distributed multiple TRX chips on...

Using wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is promising new application. At the same time, low-power standards such as Bluetooth and Zigbee have been proposed for short range, low data-rate communication matching requirements of these bio-medical applications. However, there are currently few measurements or models describing propagation around body. To address this problem, electromagnetic waves near torso measured statistical model derived in 915...

The constant increase in wireless handheld devices and the prospect of billions connected machines has compelled research community to investigate different technologies which are able deliver high data rates, lower latency better reliability quality experience mobile users. One problems, usually overlooked by community, is that more require proportionally signalling overhead. Particularly, acquiring users’ channel state information necessary order for base station assign frequency...

Beyond 5G systems are expected to approach 1 Tb/s throughput. This poses a significant challenge the channel decoder. In this paper, we propose multi-core architecture based on full row parallel layered LDPC decoder with frame interleaving. Compared conventional partially architectures, proposed increases throughput by applying interleaving into pipeline and using architectures. Two high rate medium size QC codes designed fast decoding convergence speed for architecture. Both implemented...

Using wireless sensors placed on a person to continuously monitor health information is promising new application. However, there are currently no models describing the radio channel around human body making it difficult design suitable communication system. To address this problem, we have simulated electromagnetic wave propagation and incorporated these results into simple model. We then compared model with measurements taken torso previous studies in literature. This paper proposes...

A low-power impulse-radio ultra-wideband receiver is demonstrated for low data-rate applications. topology selection study demonstrates that the quadrature analog correlation a good architecture choice when energy consumption must be minimized. The operates in 3.1-5 GHz band of UWB FCC spectrum mask on channels 500 MHz bandwidth. pulse operation done domain order to reduce ADC sampling speed down repetition rate, thereby reducing power consumption. comprises low-noise amplifier with full...

In order to address the ever-increasing need for wireless throughput while reducing power consumption of cellular base stations, many approaches are developed at network, station or component level. One most innovative ones is known as massive MIMO large-scale antenna systems (LSAS). By using hundreds antennas station, system promises offer a large reduced total radiated power. This paper presents model stations and its application LSAS. Its role central in determine whether LSAS also...

A 3-to-5GHz quadrature analog correlation RX for UWB impulse radio draws 16mA at 20Mpulses/s, making it suitable low-power low-data-rate applications. The is fully integrated in a CMOS 0.18μm process and comprises an LNA, LO generation mixers, baseband filtering, integrator, timing circuitry, ADC

Given the high throughput requirement for next generation wireless communication systems, merging millimeter wave technologies and multi-user MIMO seems a very promising strategy to achieve required 20 Gbps. Although full digital architecture provides best performance flexibility, its implementation at millimeter-wave frequencies today unrealistic due prohibitive costs power consumption. Hybrid analog-digital architectures, efficiently sharing beamforming operations between analog domains,...

Mobile wireless broadband access networks are now becoming a reality, thanks to the emerging IEEE 802.16e standard. This kind of network offers different challenges when compared fixed ones, as power consumption becomes major concern. In this standard, strict organization downlink bursts is not guaranteed in OFDMA frame and may lead extra for receiver, decreasing device's lifetime. present paper, we introduce an optimization algorithm capable reducing activity each receiver system decoding...

Distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DM-MIMO) gives a higher spectral efficiency and enhanced coverage area, compared to collocated MIMO (CM-MIMO). In general, for MIMO, time division duplex is preferable as it enables downlink (DL) precoding based on uplink (UL) channel estimation. A (TDD) reciprocity calibration then essential compensate the gap between UL-DL channels, which can be done completely in base station relying sounding reference signals (SRS). For array, mutual...

The wireless communications world is moving towards the so-called 4G pictures, by integrating many different subsystems. Some of them have to provide short-range connectivity at very low power, in order enable battery-operated sensors or devices. This low-power requirement can be achieved selecting channel codes high coding gain. However, power consumption encoding and decoding operations also has taken into account. paper analyzes this trade-off between gain digital consumption, considering...

An 8-phase phase-aligned ring oscillator in 90 nm digital CMOS is presented that operates up to 2 GHz. The low-complexity circuit consumes 13 mW at GHz and 1.2 400 MHz, while a flat in-band phase noise below -120 dBc/Hz achieved, close agreement with the theory. occupies an area of 0.008 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .