The LTE radio interface for 3GPP Release 8 was specified recently. This article describes the link-layer protocols, which abstract physical layer and adapt its characteristics to match requirements of higher protocols. protocols are optimized low delay overhead simpler than their counterparts in UTRAN. stateof- the-art protocol design is result a careful crosslayer approach where interact with each other efficiently. provides thorough overview this stack, including sub-layers corresponding...

The 3GPP LTE system has been designed to offer significantly higher data rates, throughput, and lower latency for delay critical services. This improved performance be provided guaranteed under various mobility conditions. Hence, handover (HO) its are of high importance. paper investigates the procedure within in terms HO failure rate whole procedure. System level simulations a typical urban propagation environment, with different User Equipment (UE) speeds, cell radii traffic loads per have...

The 3GPP has introduced a new narrowband radio technology called Internet of Things (NB-IoT) in Release 13. NB-IoT was designed to support very low power consumption and low-cost devices extreme coverage conditions. operates small bandwidth will provide connectivity large number low-data-rate devices. This article highlights some the key features presents performance results from real-life experiments. experiments were carried out using an early-standard-compliant prototype based on software...

As Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is starting to be widely deployed, the volume of machine-to-machine (M2M) traffic increasing very rapidly. From M2M point view, one issues addressed overload random access channel. The limitation in physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) resources may severely constrain number devices that an LTE Evolved Node B (eNB) can serve. We develop a Markov model describes evolution Message 4 queue eNB formed by several users performing procedure simultaneously, and...

The IoT protocols used for data transfer in the application layer, namely Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) have dependencies to transport layer. choice of transport, Transmission Control (TCP) or User Datagram (UDP), on other hand, has an impact Internet Things (IoT) level performance, especially over a wireless medium. Furthermore, we touch upon different security solutions. motivation this work is look at protocol stack performance...

In this paper, we address the emerging concept of Machine-Type Communications (MTC), where unattended wireless devices send their data over Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular network. particular, emphasize that future MTC deployments are expected to feature a very large number devices, whereas from particular device may be infrequent and small. Currently, LTE is not optimized for such traffic its transmission schemes MTC-specific. To improve efficiency small access, propose novel...

ABSTRACT We present a method to reduce the device battery consumption efficiently support battery‐operated machine‐to‐machine (M2M) communication in 3GPP long‐term evolution. The evolution discontinuous reception (DRX) is key mechanism reducing energy consumption, and we discuss how traffic behaviour of machines Internet things scenarios differs from typical cellular user today, for whom current DRX optimised for. list transactions M2M operation affected. continue by introducing power model...

IEEE 802.11ah task group is working on a new amendment of the 802.11 standard, suitable for high density WLAN networks in sub 1 GHz band. It expected to be prevalent standard many Internet Things (IoT) and Machine (M2M) applications where it will support long-range energy-efficient communication dense network environments. Therefore, significant changes legacy standards have been proposed improve performance contention scenarios, most important which Restricted Access Window (RAW) mechanism...

We present a method to reduce the device battery consumption efficiently support machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in LTE. first introduce model for calculating energy of LTE device. assume that M2M transmits small amounts data with deterministic intervals. Our takes into account active and nonactive periods which alternate depending on configuration discontinuous reception (DRX). use different parameter settings referring potential future devices. The results indicate making current...

In Radio Access Network (RAN) overload situations, more access attempts are made to the system than can handle. particular, Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices foreseen as potential source of in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. this paper, we study scenarios caused by MTC traffic LTE and investigate how solve them. Especially, Extended Barring (EAB) recently introduced 3GPP control load. We find that performance EAB scheme depends on many factors such what parameters used parameter...

In order to efficiently support the Machine-to- Machine (M2M) applications, a new amendment of Wi-Fi standard known as IEEE 802.11ah is introduced. 802.11ah, several enhanced MAC features are added so provide scalability for large number stations well reduce energy consumption compared with existing technologies. this paper, selected set discussed and optimized mainly from perspective utilization. Moreover, energy-saving mode, FESM, proposed analyzed. The evaluations carried out system-level...

The Bluetooth 5 specification, which introduces new core features such as advertising extensions, additional physical layer transmission modes, and an enhanced frequency hopping scheme, was released in December 2016. As a first step to complete technology evaluation for 5, this manuscript assesses the performance of extension feature, compared connection-oriented data transfer approaches available previous releases. Service ratio, communication delays, battery lifetime network devices are...

We analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11ah technology in an actuation use case for connected lighting from perspective latency and power consumption at actuator downlink direction. The study includes network configurations with different beacon frame transmission intervals, channel bandwidths, group stations power-save mode as well unicast-multicast transmissions using modulation coding schemes. results show existing trade off between desired station shorter intervals are required to...

The Time Division Duplex (TDD) uplink-downlink configuration of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) determines how ten subframes in a radio frame are divided between downlink and uplink. specified configurations cover wide range allocations from downlink-heavy resource distribution ratio (9:1) to an uplink-heavy (2:3). In this paper, we compare performance Internet access using TCP protocol different asymmetries. We find that depends on many factors such as transferred file size, control...

The IoT protocols used in the application layer, namely Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) have dependencies to transport layer. choice of transport, Transmission Control (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol(UDP), on other hand, has an impact Internet Things (IoT) level performance, especially over a wireless medium. motivation this work is look at protocol stack performance two different medium realizations, Bluetooth Low Energy Wi-Fi. use case...

In LTE, the control signaling required for scheduling and HARQ on MAC layer is partly protected by cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) but no ARQ, or other error recovery mechanisms, are used. Therefore, errors occur with a certain probability may not be detected. Errors in feedback grants could cause underutilization of resources, longer delays, redundant retransmissions, collisions, failures. this study, frequency these effects, influence channel quality, data block rate (BLER), ACK/NACK...

Future Internet of Things (IoT) applications require enhancements wireless communication systems in battery consumption, transmission ranges and the number connected devices. The recent development 802.11 standard adds key technology components for WiFi to further evolve address IoT requirements. In this paper, we present medium access control (MAC) layer design a narrowband Wi-Fi system tailored connectivity. presented is featured with point (AP) controlled scheduling which enables...