Abstract Background The 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission report recommends healthy diets that can feed 10 billion people by 2050 from environmentally sustainable food systems. This study compares consumption patterns in India, different income groups, regions and sectors (rural/urban), with the reference diet highlights deviations. Methods analysis was done using data Consumption Expenditure Survey (CES) of a nationally representative sample 0.102 million households 7469 villages 5268 urban blocks...

Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of death and disability globally. Respirable aerosol particles released by agricultural crop-residue burning (ACRB), practised farmers in all global regions, potentially harmful to human health. Our objective was estimate health economic costs ACRB northern India.

This paper assesses the impact of spread COVID-19 and lockdown on wholesale prices quantities traded in agricultural markets. We compare whether these impacts differ across non-perishable (wheat) perishable commodities (tomato onion), extent to which any adverse are mitigated by adoption a greater number market reform measures. use granular data set comprising daily observations for 3 months from nearly 1000 markets five states double- triple- difference estimation strategy. Expectedly, our...

Finance is one of the main limitations to improving productivity and resilience smallholder agriculture. Using household-level data from recent nationally representative farm survey in India, this paper has assessed impact credit on risk Findings show a measurable outcomes — 24% higher 16% reduction downside risk. The effects credit, however, differ by its source purpose. Formal-sector comparatively significant effect. Both are if informal supplements formal possibly because latter likely...

This paper examines different explanations--initial conditions, openness to trade and FDI, institutions--of the Mauritian growth experience since mid-1970s. We show that arguments based on FDI are either misleading or incomplete, transmission mechanism insufficiently identified. However, even when correctly articulated, appears be a proximate rather than an underlying explanation for experience. The institution-based offers greater promise. Ultimately, however, econometric results indicate...

Agricultural diversification towards high-value crops can potentially increase farm incomes, especially in a country like India where demand for food products has been increasing more quickly than that staple crops. Indian agriculture is overwhelmingly dominated by smallholders, and researchers have long debated the ability of smallholder-dominated subsistence economy to diversify into riskier Here, we present evidence gradual exhibits pro-smallholder bias, with smallholders playing...

Diversification by small farmers toward high‐value crops (fruits and vegetables [F & V]) that can raise farm incomes significantly has always been in question because of several reasons such as diseconomies scale lack access to inputs capital information. We present evidence India diversification exhibits a pro‐smallholder (rather than anti‐smallholder) bias. The smallholders however play proportionally larger role fruits cultivation. These patterns are consistent with simple comparative...

Abstract Using a nationally representative sample of farm households from India, this paper examines the impact use information on net incomes. Employing methodologies that mitigate potential biases in estimation impact, empirical results show farmers who realize over 12% higher returns per hectare. The also establishes pecking order access to information. Small and those at bottom social hierarchy (based caste) have fewer sources, they depend more informal networks input dealers for their...

Many African countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products, in an effort to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. However, order access developed country markets urban domestic markets, these products must meet food safety requirements, including protocols relating pesticide residues, field pack house operations, traceability. Faced with stringent companies that establish centers low-income might exclude poor farmers, thus...

Abstract This paper provides evidence on the effectiveness of one most common policies to improve nutrition among poor, that is, a food subsidy. We study case subsidies pulses in select Indian states and their impact consumption ultimately (protein intake). As natural experiment, we use introduction into India's Public Distribution System (PDS) where variations prices were brought about by inclusion PDS some not others. Our difference (DID) estimates show change because PDS, though...

This paper describes the United States recently enacted Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) assesses its quantitative impact on African exports. The AGOA expands scope of preferential access Africa's exports to in key areas such as clothing. However, medium‐term benefits – estimated at about US$100‐$140 million, an 8−11 per cent addition current non‐oil would have been nearly five times greater (US$540 million) if no restrictive conditions had imposed terms market access. most important...

This paper addresses the question of whether Africa is an undertrading continent. We answer this using a much-improved data set for obtaining predicted trade and by employing methods that correct bias in estimates undertrading. Our results indicate globally underexporter our preferred Heckman specification. result robust to addition various controls application variants gravity model trade. also looked explanations Africa's found accounting transport communication infrastructure reduced...

We examine the effect of trade protection rates on evasion in three African countries Kenya, Mauritius, and Nigeria. In capturing tariff evasion, we use a much improved measure (MAcMap-HS6 2001 2004). For two these countries, this dataset allows novelty using variation across product, time, trading partners leading to significantly refined estimates elasticity relative existing studies evasion. find robust evidence for positive with respect tariffs Kenya Nigeria relatively weaker Mauritius....

Many African countries are diversifying exports into fresh export vegetables, grown mainly by smallholder farmers. However, markets for these new products have stringent safety standards. This paper examines the green bean high value chain (HVC) to Europe identify critical points at which exporters strictly enforce buyers' quality requirements and risk of exclusion family farmers points. It then discusses strategies used get-around challenges maintain participation some The identifies six...

This paper describes the United States recently enacted Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) assesses its quantitative impact on African exports. The AGOA expands scope of preferential access Africa`s exports to in key areas such as clothing. However, medium-term benefitsestimated at about US$100-$140 million, an 8-11 percent addition current non-oil exportswould have been nearly five times greater (US$540 million) if no restrictive conditions had imposed terms market access. most...