<b>Objective: </b> To re-examine proposed models of cognitive test performance that concluded separate factor structures were required for people with Alzheimer disease (AD) and older adults without dementia. <b>Methods: Five compared using multistep confirmatory analysis in 115 individuals autopsy-confirmed AD 191 research participants clinical dementia from longitudinal studies at the Washington University Research Center. The then cross-validated independent samples 323 clinically...

Characterize the onset and timing of cognitive decline in Parkinson disease (PD) from first recognizable stage cognitively symptomatic PD-mild impairment (PD-MCI) to PD dementia (PDD). Thirty-nine participants progressed PDD 25 remained normal.Bayesian-estimated disease-state models described an individual's across 12 subtests with a change point.Subtests measuring working memory, visuospatial processing ability, crystalized memory changed significantly 3 5 years before their nonzero...

Abstract Efficiently avoiding inappropriate actions in a changing environment is central to cognitive control. One mechanism contributing this ability the deliberate slowing down of responses contexts where full response cancellation might occasionally be required, referred as proactive inhibition. The present electroencephalographic ( EEG ) study investigated role attentional processes inhibition humans. To end, we compared data from standard stop‐signal task, which stop signals required...

Abstract Motoric inhibition is ingrained in human cognition and implicated pervasive neurological diseases disorders. The present electroencephalographic (EEG) study investigated proactive motivational adjustments attention during response inhibition. We compared go-trial data from a stop-signal task, which infrequently presented stop-signals required cancellation without extrinsic incentives (“standard-stop”), to where monetary reward was posted on some (“rewarded-stop”). A novel EEG...

Abstract The importance of studying the transient burst-like nature beta- and gamma-band oscillations has become increasingly clear. This approach challenges accepted interpretations oscillatory behavior emphasizes examining phenomena at appropriate temporal scales, as opposed to trial averages. Diversity in detailed form these real-time been under-considered, yet it should provide important information about function. Here we studied such bursts beta frequencies, explicitly distinguished...

pFC is generally regarded as a region critical for abstract reasoning and high-level cognitive behaviors. As such, it has become the focus of intense research involving wide variety subdisciplines neuroscience employing diverse range methods. However, even amount data on increased exponentially, appears that progress toward understanding general function across broad array contexts not kept pace. Effects observed in are legion, their interpretations informed by particular perspective or...

A frequently-studied phenomenon in cognitive-control research is conflict adaptation, or the finding that congruency effects are smaller after incongruent trials. Prominent cognitive control accounts suggest this adaptation effect can be explained by transient conflict-induced modulations of selective attention, reducing on next trial. In present study, we investigated these possible attentional four experiments using Stroop and Flanker tasks, dissociating enhancements task-relevant...

ABSTRACT In neurophysiological research, the traditional view of beta band activity as sustained oscillations is being reinterpreted transient bursts. Bursts are characterized by a distinct wavelet shape, high amplitude, and, most importantly, brief temporal occurrence. The primary method for their detection relies on threshold-based analysis spectral power, and this presents two fundamental issues. First, threshold selection effectively arbitrary, influenced both local global factors in...

Our objective is to test if a hybrid model of cognitive performance developed at the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center could be generalized NACC Unified Data Set. A reduced made up UDS subtests was compared four alternate configurations using multistep confirmatory factor analysis in individuals with DAT and research participants without clinical dementia. Initial fitting conducted archived data (N = 330) from Alzheimer’s Center. Models were then cross-validated an...