This paper describes axial compression test results of 27 concrete cylinders confined by carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite jackets. The experimental parameters include plain compressive strength and the thickness jacket. It is found that jacketing can significantly increase ductility concrete. indicate confinement modulus, defined as ratio transverse stress strain, are most influential factors affecting stress-strain behavior failure was dominated rupture jacket at an average strain...

From analysis of TRMM data, we find that warm rain accounts for 31% the total amount and 72% area in tropics, plays an important role regulating moisture content tropical atmosphere. There is a substantial increase precipitation efficiency light as sea surface temperature increases, but heavy associated with deep convection independent temperature. This implies warmer climate, there may be more rain, at expense less cloud water available middle high level clouds.

Abstract In this study, we find from analyses of projections 14 CMIP5 models a robust, canonical global response in rainfall characteristics to warming climate. Under scenario 1% increase per year CO 2 emission, the model ensemble projects globally more heavy precipitation (+7 ± 2.4%K −1 ), less moderate (−2.5 0.6%K light (+1.8 1.3%K and increased length dry (no‐rain) periods (+4.7 2.1%K ). Regionally, majority project consistent with over climatologically wet regions deep tropics,...

Using global rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) data for the past two decades (1979–98), covariability of Asian summer monsoon (ASM) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was investigated. The findings suggest three recurring rainfall–SST coupled modes. Characterized by a pronounced biennial variability, first mode is associated with generally depressed over western Pacific "Maritime Continent," stemming from eastward shift Walker circulation during growth phase Niño. SST pattern...

We have conducted a study of the relationship between tropical cyclone (TC) and extreme rain events using GPCP TRMM rainfall data, storm track data for July through November (JASON) in North Atlantic (NAT) western Pacific (WNP). Extreme are defined terms percentile rainrate, TC‐rain by associated with named TC. Results show that climatologically, 8% 17% total amount NAT accounted TCs, compared to 9% events, 21% WNP. The fractional contribution accumulated rain, Ω , increases nearly linearly...

Abstract Analyses of two state‐of‐the‐art, blended space‐based and ground‐based global rainfall data sets from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis Product (CMAP) reveal that there was a significant shift in probability distribution functions tropical during period 1979–2003. This features positive trend occurrence heavy (top 10% by rain amount) light (bottom 5%) events tropics 1979–2003 negative moderate (25–75%) events. These trends...

Abstract Based on the outputs of historical and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) experiments produced by 28 models from phase 5 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), changes in climatic mean, interannual standard deviation (ISD), long-term trends annual precipitation over central Asia (CA) have been estimated. Under different emission scenarios during twenty-first century, mean ISD (long-term trends) CA projected five best models’ ensemble show very similar (quite...

Abstract Analysis of Permian–Triassic brachiopod diversity and body size changes from different water depths spanning the continental shelf to basinal facies in South China provides insights into process environmental deterioration. Comparison temporal between deepwater shallow‐water demonstrates that brachiopods disappeared earlier than brachiopods. This indicates high stress commenced first settings later extended shallow waters. is attributed major volcanic eruptions, which led formation...

Abstract [1] This study investigates the climatological and changing characteristics of tropical rain cloud systems in relation to sea surface temperature (SST) changes using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data (1998–2009). are determined from probability distribution functions (pdf), derived daily TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) Precipitation Radar (PR) rain, Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) brightness (Tb), PR echo top height (HET). Results show that 10% heavy is associated with...

Abstract The performance of Beijing Climate Center climate system model with different horizontal resolutions (BCC_CSM1.1 coarse resolution and BCC_CSM1.1 m fine resolution) in simulating the summer precipitation over China during recent half century is evaluated, possible underlying physical mechanisms related to biases are also further analyzed discussed. Results show that increasing does improve simulation most part especially western due more realistic description topography. However,...

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analyses of rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) are carried out globally over the entire tropics regionally Asia‐Australian (AA)‐monsoon domain. Contributions to monsoon predictability by basin‐scale SST forcing regional coupling evaluated from cumulative anomaly correlation with dominant SVD modes. The observed 1997–98 AA‐monsoon anomalies found be very complex approximately 34% Asian (boreal) summer 74% Australia (austral) attributable influence...

This paper studies the evolution of South China Sea (SCS) monsoon during May-June 1998, toelucidate relationships among large scale circulation, organization convection, cloud structures,and fluctuations regional water cycle SCS. Primary data used include field observationsfrom Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX), and satellite rain products from theTropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Prior to onset SCS monsoon, enhanced convectiveactivities associated with Madden Julian Oscillation were...

Abstract The sensitivity of tropical atmospheric hydrologic processes to cloud microphysics is investigated using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) general circulation model (GCM). Results show that a faster autoconversion rate leads (a) enhanced deep convection in climatological convective zones anchored land regions; (b) more warm rain, but less over oceanic and (c) an increased convective-to-stratiform rain ratio entire Tropics. Fewer clouds enhance longwave cooling reduce...

Abstract The performance of Beijing Climate Center climate system model (BCC_CSM) with two horizontal resolutions in simulating the precipitation seasonal variation over eastern China has been evaluated. possible reasons related to differences simulations BCC_CSM1.1 m fine resolution and coarse also have addressed discussed. Results show that improved simulation timing amount dry seasons except for larger biases during rainy can be noted relative model. occurrence time annual peaks shows...

The logical design of ternary JKL edge-triggered flip-flop with triple-rail outputs is presented. computer simulation and experiment circuit made CMOS gates show that the can realise expected logic functions.

Abstract Heat transfer to supercritical H2O/CO2 mixtures (24 MPa, 310 430 °C, and CO2 mass fractions up 18.5%), the working fluids of a novel power generation system with coal gasified in water, was experimentally investigated for typical conditions this system. For these conditions, i.e., high velocities (above 1200 kg m−2 s−1) low heat flux (below 300 kW m−2), convection coefficients (HTCs) pure usually increase temperature, peak near pseudo-critical point, enhancement, then decrease...

Abstract Supercritical H 2 O/CO mixtures are the working fluid in a novel power generation system with coal gasified supercritical water, so their heat transfer behaviors important to design devices. However, has received few attention. Here, we designed and established an apparatus measure forced convection coefficients constant pressure capacities of both near-critical regions. The highest mixture temperature is be 873 K 25 MPa CO mass fraction up 25%. Results show that our stable regions,...

Triethylenetetramine (TETA), as a corrosion inhibitor for steel in aqueous media was introduced into chloride-contaminated concrete specimens by using novel method called bidirectional electromigration rehabilitation (BIEM). An electric field applied between embedded cathodes and external anodes to inject the from electrolytes at same time extract chloride ions cover zone.After treatment, were drilled determine concentration profiles of inhibitor, hydroxyl within concrete. Effects variations...