Abstract Analysis of Permian–Triassic brachiopod diversity and body size changes from different water depths spanning the continental shelf to basinal facies in South China provides insights into process environmental deterioration. Comparison temporal between deepwater shallow‐water demonstrates that brachiopods disappeared earlier than brachiopods. This indicates high stress commenced first settings later extended shallow waters. is attributed major volcanic eruptions, which led formation...

Globally, pangolins are the most heavily trafficked mammals and China is one of main destinations for their scales meat. Conducting separate studies on characteristics illegal trade in pangolin meat will provide a basis devising more targeted protection strategies actions. This study focused pangolin-scale trading network by collating relevant cases smuggling published Judgements Online, revealing that came from Africa. The six cities involved were Bozhou, Chongzuo, Dehong, Beijing, Hong...

This study examines the morphological responses of Late Permian brachiopods to environmental changes. Quantitative analysis body size data from Permian-Triassic has demonstrated significant, directional changes in before, during and after mass extinction event. Brachiopod significantly reduced before interval, increased for a short time more extinction-resistant taxa latter stages then dramatically again across Permian/Triassic boundary. Relative abundances trace elements acritarchs...

Two pangolin species, the Chinese and Sunda pangolin, occur in mainland China (MC). The was once widely distributed throughout provinces south of Yangtze River, as well north River southern Sichuan, northeast Chongqing, northwest Hubei, southwest Henan Provinces. However, range is limited to border areas Yunnan Province. Due overexploitation habitat loss, population has declined dramatically it now considered extinct most areas. At present, although distribution size MC are unclear, residual...

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla Linnaeus, 1758) is a critically endangered species, and documents on its captive breeding reproductive parameters are scarce. MP8, kept in the Pangolin Research Base for Artificial Rescue Conservation Breeding of South China Normal University (the PRB-SCNU), gave birth to male offspring (MP86) 19 October 2011. baby was well developed, with weight 120 g total length 23.2 cm. gestation MP8 estimated be from 182 225d. Reproductive discussed based...

The Sunda pangolin ( Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) is a Critically Endangered species. Given that this species lacks effective policies for in situ conservation and prevention of poaching the wild, ex captive breeding program are urgently needed to save from extinction. However, techniques maintenance pangolins have not been well developed. In June 2010, we established Pangolin Research Base Artificial Rescue Conservation Breeding South China Normal University (PRB‐SCNU). To date, total 34...

The Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is on the verge of extinction. Overuse and habitat loss have decimated population across China. Understanding status pangolins a prerequisite for conservation, but this understanding lacking due to difficulties in surveying monitoring species. This study used MaxEnt model analyze current distribution by summarizing records China from 2010–2022. Moderate- high-quality covers about 554,025 km2, mainly 10 provinces East South China, together with small...

The observations of Sunda pangolin reproductive parameters in this paper were based on the wild-caught animals and those that had spent time captive environments, however, when analyzing results, we did not consider differences terms breeding habits between two. Still, research has led to an increase knowledge pangolin. Our results suggest there is no season or parturition for pangolin, which breeds all year round. We estimated gestation period species be around six months. Sexual maturity...

The critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is thought to be one of the most threatened species in mainland China; however, little known about its distribution and population status. We collected information from primary literature, grey interviews, personal communication, news reports, camera trap photographs obtained between July 2010 June 2020 improve our understanding status China. In total, 157 observations representing 170 individuals were eight provinces: Anhui,...

We determined burrow temperature variation for the Chinese pangolin in winter over a study period from 1 December 2009 to 28 February 2010, at Luofushan Nature Reserve, China. Our results show that air inside was stable with only slight fluctuation, diurnal amplitude merely 0.0–0.5 °C (SD = 0.08 ± 0.09 °C, n 90), and fluctuated between 17.8–21.0 °C. On contrary, outside dramatically, ranging 0.7–20.0 4.99 3.47 90); seasonal 4.6–38.3 In winter, average 18.96 0.91, significantly higher than (p...

The expression of animal digestive enzymes reflects important dietary adaptations. pangolin, also known as scaly anteater, is a specialized myrmecophage that consumes mainly ants and termites, but its have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this study, we used shotgun proteomic analysis to examine the protein components saliva intestinal juice Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) died shortly after being rescued. contained greater variety enzymes, including α-amylase,...

The gut microbiomes of mammals are closely related to the diets their hosts. Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) is a specialized myrmecophage, but its microbiome has rarely been studied.Using high-throughput Illumina barcoded 16S rRNA amplicons nine fecal samples from captive pangolins, we investigated microbiomes.The detected bacteria were classified into 14 phyla, 24 classes, 48 orders, 97 families, and 271 genera. main bacterial phyla Firmicutes (73.71%), Proteobacteria (18.42%),...

This paper describes an assessment of the Impact weather changes and human visitation on behavior activity level Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) in captivity.The study is based time-budgets from a flock over 20 birds at Fota Wildlife Park, Cork, Ireland, gathered during daytime observations six month period.The results show that penguins spent most stationary, terrestrial locomotion, preening swimming modes behavior, increased rainy days.Peak took place 16:00 to 17:00 hours,...

Understanding reproductive behavior is important for the conservation of endangered species, but research on Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) still very scarce. In this study, we used focal animal sampling and all-occurrence recording by an infrared monitor to observe behaviors two during a 5-day breeding period at Pangolin Research Base Artificial Rescue Conservation Breeding South China Normal University (PRB-SCNU). The behavioral characteristics strategies were analyzed,...

Pangolins are some of the most trafficked mammals in world. China is a major destination country for illegal wildlife trade and Guangdong Province one areas high domestic consumption. A willingness to consume lies at root trade. To understand ideological roots pangolin consumption, propose solutions, we conducted consumption survey 21 prefecture-level cities have collected 1,957 valid questionnaires. In these questionnaires, 108 respondents (5.52%) who had consumed pangolin-related products,...

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Abstract Body temperature is an important parameter for assessing animal health and physiological function. An iButton thermometer was used to measure the body temperatures of three Chinese pangolins ( Manis pentadacyla ) Sunda M. javanica ). The 33.2 ± 0.95°C (30.6–34.2°C, n = 3) that 32.8 0.48°C (31.7–34.2°C, 3). daily variation in 1.0–2.9°C 1.2–1.9°C pangolins. tended rise at night, with highest occurring mostly night. This study provides valuable data lays foundation future research on...

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To better understand the critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)’s adaptation to highly specialized prey, and enrich acknowledge of this species’ natural dietary, we performed anatomic observation contents analysis on stomach an accidental death pangolin. The is C-shaped consists cardia, fundus, body, pylorus, weight 136.5 g, volume 120 mL, curve length lesser greater curvatures 9.1 cm 25.1 cm, respectively. inner wall covered with milky layer mucosa which forms 9–10...

Due to overexploitation and habitat loss, the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) is in such extreme decline that it so rare wild as be considered functionally extinct, even Guangdong, which was historically a major distribution area for species. This study sought verify whether functional extinction has occurred using observation records from field surveys, infrared wildlife cameras, rescue enforcement cases published literature. The results indicated suitable within 63.4% of forested...