The urinary tract is a common site of infection in humans. During pregnancy, (UTI) associated with increased risks maternal and neonatal morbidity mortality, even when the asymptomatic. By mapping available rates UTI pregnancy across different populations, we emphasize this as problem global significance. Many countries high preterm birth mortality also have that exceed seen more developed countries. A analysis etiologies revealed familiar culprits well emerging threats. Screening treatment...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis of the vaginal flora characterized by shift from Lactobacillus-dominant environment to polymicrobial mixture including Actinobacteria and gram-negative bacilli. BV common condition in women associated with increased risk sexually transmitted infection adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis one most frequently isolated bacterial species BV. However, there has been much debate literature concerning contribution G....

Pathogens often inhabit the body asymptomatically, emerging to cause disease in response unknown triggers. In bladder, latent intracellular Escherichia coli reservoirs are regarded as likely origins of recurrent urinary tract infection (rUTI), a problem affecting millions women worldwide. However, clinically plausible triggers that activate these unknown. Clinical studies suggest composition woman's vaginal microbiota influences her susceptibility rUTI, but mechanisms behind associations...

Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common imbalance of the vaginal microbiota characterized by overgrowth diverse Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gram-negative anaerobes. Women with BV are at increased risk secondary reproductive tract infections adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, which specific bacteria cause clinical features unclear. Methods We previously demonstrated that Gardnerella vaginalis could elicit many in mice. In this study, we established model coinfected mice...

Summary The polysaccharide β‐1,6‐glucan is a major component of the cell wall Cryptococcus neoformans , but its function has not been investigated in this fungal pathogen. We have identified and characterized seven genes, belonging to KRE family, which are putatively involved synthesis. H99 deletion mutants kre5 Δ kre6 skn1 contained less β‐1,6‐glucan, grew slowly with an aberrant morphology, were highly sensitive environmental chemical stress avirulent mouse inhalation model infection....

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is most often caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC inoculation into the female urinary (UT) can occur through physical activities that expose UT to an inherently polymicrobial periurethral, vaginal, or gastrointestinal flora. We report a common urogenital inhabitant and opportunistic pathogen, group B Streptococcus (GBS), when present at time of exposure, undergoes rapid UPEC-dependent exclusion from murine tract, yet it influences...

Women with bacterial vaginosis (BV), an imbalance of the vaginal microbiome, are more likely to be colonized by potential pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, a bacterium linked intrauterine infection and preterm birth. However, conditions mechanisms supporting pathogen colonization during dysbiosis remain obscure. We demonstrate that sialidase activity, diagnostic feature BV, promoted F. nucleatum foraging growth on mammalian sialoglycans, nutrient resource was otherwise inaccessible...

Clue cells characteristic of bacterial vaginosis (BV) are thought to arise due exfoliation the vaginal epithelium; however, there is little published data connecting total numbers epithelial markers BV. The purpose this study was enumerate exfoliated (independent clue cells) and examine relationship Nugent score.We conducted a cross-sectional sub-study Contraceptive CHOICE Project cohort. Vaginal swabs were used create smears for Gram staining these later scored using method, then two...

BackgroundGroup B Streptococcus is a common vaginal bacterium and the leading cause of invasive fetoplacental infections. Group in vagina can invade through cervix to ascending uteroplacental infections or be transmitted neonate during delivery. Some studies have found that women with "dysbiotic" polymicrobial Lactobacillus-depleted microbiota are more likely harbor group Streptococcus. Gardnerella vaginalis often most abundant bacteria vaginas dysbiosis, while being detected at lower levels...

Introduction Communities of bacteria collectively known as the vaginal microbiota reside in human vagina. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) describes an imbalance this microbiota, affecting more than 25% women worldwide, and is linked to health problems such infertility, cervical cancer, preterm birth. Following antibiotic treatment, BV becomes recurrent many individuals. Lactobacillus crispatus widely believed contribute a healthy microbiome, its therapeutic application has shown promise early...

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a significant healthcare burden affecting millions of patients annually. CAUTI characterized by infection the bladder and pathogen colonization catheter surface, making them especially difficult to treat. Various modifications have been employed reduce colonization, including infusion antibiotics antimicrobial compounds, altering surface architecture catheter, or coating it with nonpathogenic bacteria. Lactobacilli probiotics offer...

Annually, millions of people suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and more than $3 billion are spent on work absences treatment these patients. While the early response to UTI is known be important in combating pathogens, knowledge host factors that help curb infection still limited. Here, we use a preclinical model study secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an antimicrobial protein, determine how it protects bladder against infection. We find SLPI increased during UTI,...

ABSTRACT Cell wall proteins (CWPs) mediate important cellular processes in fungi, including adhesion, invasion, biofilm formation, and flocculation. The current model of fungal cell organization includes a major class CWPs covalently bound to β-1,6-glucan via remnant glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. This was established by studies ascomycetes more than decade ago, relatively little work has been done with other although the presumption that identified which contain predicted GPI...

The epidemiology and bacteriology of urinary tract infection (UTI) varies across the human lifespan, but reasons for these differences are poorly understood. Using established monomicrobial polymicrobial murine UTI models caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and/or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), we demonstrate age parity as inter-related factors contributing to susceptibility. Young nulliparous animals exhibited 10–100-fold higher bacterial titers compared older animals. In...

The aim of this study is to review the effects an infant's presenting age and severity deformation on cranial remolding orthotic (CRO) treatment outcomes for patients with deformational plagiocephaly. This a retrospective chart 499 infants non-synostotic plagiocephaly who completed CRO treatment. Data collected included at start treatment, head shape measurements before after total months other factors such as presence/absence prematurity. were divided into subgroups according initiation...

Escherichia coli infection of the female reproductive tract is a significant cause disease in humans and animals, but simple animal models are lacking. Here we report that vaginal inoculation uropathogenic E. strains UTI89 CFT073 non-pregnant, estrogen-treated mice resulted robust colonization vagina uterine horns, whereas titers lab strain MG1655 were significantly lower. Non-estrogenized also became colonized, there was more variation titers. A dose 104 colony-forming units (CFU)...

Sialic acids are found on all vertebrate cell surfaces and part of a larger class molecules known as nonulosonic acids. Many bacterial pathogens synthesize related nine-carbon backbone sugars; however, the role(s) these non-sialic acid in host-pathogen interactions is poorly understood. Vibrio vulnificus leading cause seafood-related death United States due to its ability quickly access host bloodstream, which it can accomplish through gastrointestinal or wound infection. However, little...

The anaerobic actinobacterium Gardnerella was first isolated from the bladder by suprapubic aspiration more than 50 years ago. Since then, has been increasingly recognized as a common and often abundant member of female urinary microbiome (urobiome). Some studies even suggest that presence is associated with urological disorders in women. We recently reported inoculation into bladders mice results urothelial exfoliation. Here, we performed whole RNA-seq our mouse model to identify additional...

Abstract Infants with deformational plagiocephaly may be indicated for a cranial remolding orthosis (CRO) depending on the severity of deformation. Studies have found torticollis and prematurity to risk factors development indicate younger infants faster greater correction. However, clinical decisions about which should recommended CRO treatment differ among healthcare providers insurance coverage criteria vary. In order provide insight into recommendations, this study aims examine influence...

ABSTRACT Aerococcus urinae is increasingly recognized as a potentially significant urinary tract bacterium. A. has been isolated from urine collected both males and females with wide range of clinical conditions, including infection (UTI), urgency incontinence (UUI), overactive bladder (OAB). particular concern because it highly resistant to many antibiotics and, when undiagnosed, can cause invasive life-threatening bacteremia, sepsis, or soft tissue infections. Previous genomic...