We report a simple method that uses proteins to solubilize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water. Characterization by variety of complementary techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman and atomic force microscopy confirmed the dispersion at individual nanotube level. A differing size structure were used generate solutions this noncovalent functionalization procedure. Protein-mediated solubilization water may be important for biomedical applications. This also find use...

We have discovered a novel property of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)their ability to stabilize proteins at elevated temperatures and in organic solvents greater extent than conventional flat supports. Experimental results theoretical analysis reveal that the stabilization from curvature SWNTs, which suppresses unfavorable protein−protein lateral interactions. Our also indicate phenomenon is not unique SWNTs but could be extended other nanomaterials. The protein−nanotube conjugates...

We describe the structure, activity, and stability of enzymes covalently attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Conjugates SWNTs with three functionally unrelated enzymeshorseradish peroxidase, subtilisin Carlsberg, chicken egg white lysozymewere found be soluble in aqueous solutions. Furthermore, characterization secondary tertiary structure immobilized proteins by circular dichroism fluorescence spectroscopies, respectively, determination enzyme kinetics revealed that retained...

Abstract We report the activity, stability, and reusability of enzyme‐carbon nanotube conjugates in aqueous solutions. A variety enzymes were covalently attached to oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). These soluble buffer, retained a high fraction their native stable at higher temperatures relative solution phase counterparts. Furthermore, surface area MWNTs afforded enzyme loadings, yet intrinsic length MWNT led facile filtration. water‐soluble nanotube‐enzyme represent novel...

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are of great interest in biology and medicine due to their ability self-renew differentiate into any adult or fetal cell type. Important efforts have identified biochemical factors, signaling pathways, transcriptional networks that regulate hPSC biology. However, recent work investigating the effect biophysical cues on mammalian suggests mechanical properties microenvironment, such as stiffness, may also behavior. While several studies explored this...

Efficient approaches for the precise genetic engineering of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can enhance both basic and applied cell research. Adeno- associated virus (AAV) vectors are particular interest their capacity to mediate efficient gene delivery targeting in various cells. However, natural AAV serotypes offer only modest transduction embryonic induced (hESCs hiPSCs), which limits utility efficiently manipulating hPSC genome. Directed evolution is a powerful means generate viral...

Foul play: The design of antifouling surfaces based on functional nanocomposites that incorporate enzymes is described. In particular, films containing protease–carbon-nanotube conjugates (see image) are highly in preventing protein fouling. Such activity may prevent the buildup biofilms ship hulls, bioreactors, oil pipelines, and other prone to contamination.

Gene delivery to, and gene targeting in, stem cells would be a highly enabling technology for basic science biomedical application. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have demonstrated the capacity efficient to numerous cells, but their application has been limited by low transduction efficiency. Due considerable advantages, however, engineering AAV systems enhance may an impact in cell biology therapy. Therefore, using several diverse capsid libraries—including randomly mutagenized, DNA...

Over the past few decades, research studies have established that mechanical properties of hydrogels can be largely impacted by addition nanoparticles. However, exact mechanisms behind such enhancements are not yet fully understood. To further explore role nanoparticles on enhanced hydrogel nanocomposites, we used chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide incorporating silica as model system. Rheological measurements indicate nanoparticle-mediated increases in elastic modulus exceed maximum...

Over the past few years, researchers have demonstrated use of hydrogels to design drug delivery platforms that offer a variety benefits, including but not limited longer circulation times, reduced degradation, and improved targeting. Furthermore, strategies been explored develop stimulus-responsive smart can release drugs specific target areas at predetermined rates. However, only studies focused on exploring how innate hydrogel properties be optimized modulated tailor dosage Here, we...

We report that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be directed to aqueous−organic interfaces with the aid of surfactants. This phenomenon also used transport enzymes interface effect biphasic biotransformations. Consequently, SWNT−enzyme conjugates enhance rate catalysis by up 3 orders magnitude relative rates obtained native in similar systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate this concept extended other nanomaterials and enzymes, thereby providing a general strategy for efficient...

Cancer cells release high levels of lactate that has been correlated to increased metastasis and tumor recurrence. Single-cell measurements can identify malignant help decipher metabolic cancer pathways. We present here a novel droplet microfluidic method allows the fast quantitative determination in many single cells. Using passive forces, droplets encapsulated are positioned an array. The single-cell rate is determined from increase fluorescence as enzymatically converted fluorescent...

Extensive experimental and theoretical research over the past several decades has pursued strategies to develop hydrogels with high mechanical strength. Our study investigated effect of combining two approaches, addition nanoparticles crosslinking different polymers (to create double-network hydrogels), on properties hydrogels. analyses revealed that these orthogonal approaches may be combined synthesize hydrogel composites enhanced properties. However, enhancement in double network elastic...

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are synthesized with a diversity of surface chemistries that mediate biochemical interactions and physiological response to the particles. In this work, silver engineered (AgENMs) used evaluate role charge in protein cellular cytotoxicity. The most abundant blood, human serum albumin (HSA), was interacted 40 nm AgENMs range surface-charged coatings: positively charged branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI), negatively citrate (CIT), circumneutral poly(ethylene...

Introduction: Biomolecules bind to and transform nanoparticles, mediating their fate in biological systems. Despite over a decade of research into the protein corona, role modifications interaction with nanomaterials remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated how glycation most abundant blood protein, human serum albumin (HSA), influences formation corona on 40 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) toxicity AgNPs HepG2 liver cell line. Methods: The effects AgNP-HSA interactions were...

We have discovered that the highly curved surface of C60 fullerenes enhances enzyme stability in strongly denaturing environments to a greater extent than flat supports. The half-life model enzyme, soybean peroxidase, adsorbed onto at 95 degrees C was 117 min, ca. 2.5-fold higher graphite flakes and 13-fold native enzyme. Furthermore, this phenomenon is not unique fullerenes, but can also be extended other nanoscale supports including silica gold nanoparticles. enhanced exploited preparation...

There is an immediate need to develop highly predictive in vitro cell-based assays that provide reliable information on cancer drug efficacy and toxicity. Development of biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models as screening platforms has recently gained much scientific interest 3D cultures cells have been shown more adequately mimic the vivo tumor conditions. Moreover, it recognized biophysical biochemical properties microenvironment can play key roles regulating various...

Current studies investigating properties of nanoparticle-reinforced polymers have shown that nanocomposites often exhibit improved compared to neat polymers. However, over two decades research, using both experimental and modeling analyses, has not fully elucidated the mechanistic underpinnings behind these enhancements. Moreover, few focused on developing an understanding among or more polymer affected by incorporation nanomaterials. In our study, we investigated elastic thermal...

Studies of silver nanoparticle formation using MWNT-protein/polypeptide conjugates are reported. Our findings suggest that there is selectivity in the nanoparticles depending on nature protein. Protein-mediated mineralization facile and can be carried out under mild conditions, thereby enabling retention biological activity

Research over the past few decades has attempted to answer how proteins behave in molecularly confined or crowded environments when compared dilute buffer solutions. This information is vital understanding vivo protein behavior, as average spacing between macromolecules cell cytosol much smaller than size of themselves. In our study, we attempt address this question using three structurally and functionally different model enzymes encapsulated agarose gels porosities. Our studies reveal that...

Current studies investigating the role of biophysical cues on cell migration focus use culture platforms with static material parameters. However, migrating cells in vivo often encounter spatial variations extracellular matrix stiffness. To better understand effects stiffness gradients migration, we developed a 2.5D platform where are sandwiched between stiff tissue plastic and soft alginate hydrogel. Under these conditions, observed from underlying substrate into matrix. Observation...

Hydrogels are used for various biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, capacity mimic the extracellular matrix, and ability encapsulate deliver cells therapeutics. However, traditional hydrogels have a few shortcomings, especially regarding physical properties, thereby limiting broad applicability. Recently, researchers investigated incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into improve add biochemical properties hydrogels. This brief review focuses on papers that describe use more...