Abstract While ecogeographic variation in adult human body proportions has been extensively explored, relatively less attention paid to the effect of Bergmann's and Allen's rules on shape during growth. The relationship between climate immature form is particularly important, as mortality high, mechanisms thermoregulation differ young mature humans, fluctuate due basic parameters This study explores changes via analyses anthropometric data from children included Eveleth Tanner's (1976)...

Abstract While a wide variety of studies have focused on population variation in adult cross‐sectional properties, relatively little is known about postcranial robusticity immature individuals. Furthermore, the age at which differences readily detected adults manifest during growth also unknown. This research addresses these gaps our current understanding through analysis humeral and femoral long bone strength. Cross‐sectional geometry was used to compare developmental trajectories...

Femoral shape changes during the course of human growth, transitioning from a subcircular tube to teardrop-shaped diaphysis with posterior pilaster. Differences between immature and mature bipedalism body may generate different loads, which, in turn, influence femoral modeling remodeling lifespan. This study uses two approaches evaluate hypotheses that differences gait young walkers result ground reaction forces (GRFs) loading regimes children adults will be reflected geometric structure...

This article explores size differences related to sex in the hyoid bones from Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. A series of measurements were taken 398 hyoids, both fused and unfused. The inclusion unfused hyoids study provides opportunity investigate previously unknown between sexes as well determine their utility determining sex. Two-way ANOVA was used explore ancestry Discriminant function analysis employed test ability be classified by Six discriminant equations ranging accuracy 82%...

Abstract The Mid Upper Paleolithic Sunghir 3 late juvenile early modern human, from the most elaborate burial in Pleistocene, had pathologically foreshortened and anteriorly bowed femora and, based on her dental enamel hypoplasias transverse lines, sustained severe persistent systemic stress throughout decade of life. Her modest femoral tibial asymmetry bicondylar angles indicate non‐pathological patterns posture locomotion. levels rigidity for weight‐bearing tibiae non‐dominant left arm...

This study reports on developmental patterning in the intralimb indices of Late/Final Jomon period (4000-2300 BP) people. foragers represent descendants migrants from Northeast Asia, who arrived Japanese Islands around 20,000 BP. Among adults, brachial are elevated and similar to warm adapted, low latitude people, while crural intermediate people moderate latitudes. Two hypotheses regarding development among tested: (1) maintain predicted ecogeographic relationships over ontogeny; (2)...

Abstract Anthropological interest in humeral torsion has a long history, and several functional explanations for observed variation the orientation of head have been proposed. Recent clinical studies revived this topic by linking patterns to habitual activities such as overhand throwing. However, precise implications ontogenetic history remain unclear. This study examines ontogeny large sample primarily immature remains from six different skeletal collections ( n = 407). The results research...

Abstract Objectives In studies of growth in the past, low percentage cortical area (%CA) is commonly attributed to poor general health, due factors including nutrition, socioeconomic status, or other physiological stressors. What constitutes relative dimensions has not been established across a diverse range human skeletal samples. This study examines %CA large immature sample establish typical variation humans with consideration both body mass and subsistence strategy. Materials Methods...

Abstract: This study utilizes metric analysis to examine size and shape variation between hyoids of Africans Europeans in the Robert J. Terry Anatomical Collection. A total 200 fused unfused were measured three statistical methods employed explore ancestries. First, independent sample t ‐tests showed that some significant differences do occur Second, variation, skeletal measurements regressed on geometric mean using least squares linear regression with residuals used evaluate size‐corrected...

Abstract While the study of variation in adult postcranial robusticity has a long history, few analyses have examined acquisition within an ontogenetic context. This research evaluates differences trajectories immature femora from three samples, order to assess point at which levels arise during development. Femoral midshaft cross‐sectional properties were compared between diverse samples: Neolithic agriculturalists Çatalhöyük, Turkey ( n = 42); Byzantine 24); and urban Americans Denver...

Abstract Objectives Declination in femoral neck‐shaft angle (NSA) is commonly linked to an increased level of physical activity during life. More recently, however, research suggests that lower NSA might also be explained, part, as the mechanical consequence differences ecogeographic body proportions. This study tests proposed link between and climatic‐induced proportions, using relative mass (RBM), throughout course development. Materials Methods RBM were collected for 445 immature remains...

Abstract Objectives As growth at the periosteal and endosteal surfaces varies with age, cross‐sectional geometric (CSG) properties derived from (“solid”) contours may not produce comparable results to those (“true”), contrary findings adults. Error in CSG “solid” sections is compared “true” a sample of archeologically skeletons estimated dental ages ranging 1.5 months 23.5 years. Materials Methods Cross were extracted 3D surface models, located biplanar radiographs for 56 femora 59 humeri....

Adult upper limb asymmetry is used to reconstruct behavior. However, the developmental trajectory of in bone length, cross-sectional geometry (CSG), and joint dimensions poorly understood. This study examines development humeral if size, CSG develop concert.