Maximum sustained energy expenditure in humans is limited by intake and strongly tied to event duration.

Abstract The Paleo‐fantasy of a deep history to sexual division labor, often described as “Man the Hunter and Woman Gatherer,” continues dominate literature. We see it used default hypothesis in anatomical physiological reconstructions past well studies modern people evoking evolutionary explanations. However, idea strict labor Paleolithic is an assumption with little supporting evidence, which reflects failure question how gender roles color our past. Here we present examples support...

Abstract Myths of “Man the Hunter” and male biological superiority persist in interpretations reconstructions human evolution. Although there are uncontroversial average differences between females males, potential physiological advantages may possess less well‐known well‐studied. Here we review present emerging evidence that be metabolically better suited for endurance activities such as running, which could have profound implications understanding subsistence capabilities patterns past. We...

Energy is the fundamental currency of life—needed for growth, repair, and reproduction—but little known about metabolic physiology evolved energy use strategies great apes, our closest evolutionary relatives. Here we report daily in free-living orangutans ( Pongo spp.) test whether observed differences expenditure among orangutans, humans, other mammals reflect life history. Using doubly labeled water method, measured (kCal/d) living a large indoor/outdoor habitat at Great Ape Trust. Despite...

Femoral shape changes during the course of human growth, transitioning from a subcircular tube to teardrop-shaped diaphysis with posterior pilaster. Differences between immature and mature bipedalism body may generate different loads, which, in turn, influence femoral modeling remodeling lifespan. This study uses two approaches evaluate hypotheses that differences gait young walkers result ground reaction forces (GRFs) loading regimes children adults will be reflected geometric structure...

Abstract Objective The aim of this research is to analyze how energy allocated differently in temperate, hot, and cold environments among National Outdoor Leadership School students. Method Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermoregulation, the thermic effect food were estimated determine total expenditure allocation differences a group healthy, highly active adults ( N = 59) participating courses western United States. Two these took place both hot temperate climates 22) other two...

Perceptions of female energetic contributions and their role in human evolution are limited. This exploratory study compares energy expenditure, return rate, foraging efficiency between infant carrying methods females simulating acorn practices by Indigenous communities western North America. After resting metabolic rate (RMR) was collected, volunteers (n = 6, age: 21-37) conducted three 1-h bouts foraging. First, foraged unloaded (control) while for the second third they a traditional...

This study investigated the use of thermography as a non-invasive tool to monitor physiological responses mechanical workload in Division-I female soccer players. A total 29 student-athletes (age: 19.8 ± 1.1 years) participated, with thermographic imaging conducted throughout training across competitive season. 8106 observations were analyzed, revealing weak but significant negative correlation between player load (TPL) and changes body region temperature (∆t) (βTPL = -0.00047; p < 0.0001)....

ABSTRACT Objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted heritable endocrine disorder that affects 4%–20% of females worldwide. Characterized by symptoms such as polycystic ovaries, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism, PCOS remains challenging to diagnose, particularly in its early stages. Research suggests women with may experience earlier onset menarche, but the mechanisms behind this association are not well understood. This study explores whether menarche could serve an...

Interest in human physiological responses to cold stress have seen a resurgence recent years with focus on brown adipose tissue (BAT), mitochondria dense fat specialized for heat production. However, majority of the work examining BAT has been conducted among temperate climate populations.To expand our understanding thermogenesis population, we measured, using indirect calorimetry and thermal imaging, metabolic rate body surface temperatures BAT-positive BAT-negative regions at room...

Abstract Objective Elevated resting metabolic rates (RMR, kcal/day) are a well‐established mechanism for maintaining core body temperature among cold climate populations. A high degree of interindividual variation has recently been noted circumpolar To further examine RMR variability, we investigated anthropometric and differences reindeer herders from subarctic Finland. Methods Resting rates, mass, composition, height, age, sex were measured 20 (5 females, 15 males, 20‐64 years) seven...

Abstract Objective Typical diet plans are based on an individual's body mass; however, composition may be important to consider when individual is in a negative energy balance. This study examines if high initial fat and dietary macronutrient content reduce muscle mass catabolism during excursions temperate cold altitude environments. METHODS Subjects—53 healthy, un‐acclimated volunteers (37 males 16 females)—took part 12‐16 week‐long outdoor education courses moderately climates the western...

The goal of Science Cafés and on Taps is to encourage open discourse between scientists the public in a casual setting (e.g., bar) order improve understanding of, trust in, science. These events have existed for over two decades, but there no research studying their efficacy. Data presented here demonstrate that yearlong Tap series induced little change among attendees with respect attitudes, emotions, knowledge about nature Ultimately, we found this event may be preaching choir rather than...

Abstract Objective High levels of total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal/day) have been documented among numerous human populations such as tropical climate horticulturalists and high‐altitude agriculturalists. However, less work has conducted highly physically active cold populations. Methods In October 2018, TEE was measured using the doubly labeled water (TEE DLW , N = 10) flex‐heart rate methods HR 24) for 6–14 days reindeer herders (20–62 years) in northern Finland during an especially...

The rising global obesity rate is alarming due to its real health and socioeconomic consequences. Finland, like other circumpolar regions, also experiencing a rise in . Here we assess BMI, body adiposity, measures of cardiometabolic among small population reindeer herders sub-Arctic Finland. We collected anthropometric biomarker at two different time points: October 2018 (N = 20) January 2019 21) with total 25 unique individuals across the data collection periods (ages 20-64). Anthropometric...

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a new model, the Allocation and Interaction Model (AIM), better predict human total energy expenditure (TEE) among group highly active humans living in variety natural environments. AIM estimates were tested determine if it produces more accurate TEE predictions than Factorial Method. Methods includes metabolic cost terms for basal rate, thermoregulation, thermic effect food, as well activity estimations. using doubly labeled water...

Reindeer herding involves hard physical work carried out in a cold climate under variable weather conditions. In the fall and winter, herders’ northern Finland includes collecting moving reindeer herds to round-up sites, working round-ups, slaughtering processing meat as well daily feeding monitoring of animals field. To study experiences perceptions coping with among physically active herders harsh winter conditions, we interviewed 22 from six districts central management area within north...

We investigated seasonal changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and metabolism a temperate-climate Albany, NY population.Data were collected among 58 participants (21 males, 37 females, ages: 18-51) the summer 59 (23 36 18-63) winter New York. BAT activity was inferred by comparing metabolic rate, heat dissipation supraclavicular area, respiratory quotient at room temperature cold exposure. Seasonal variation determined these measurements from winter.At mild exposure, of area...

Abstract Objectives Although ecogeographic variation in human nasal morphology is commonly attributed to climatic adaptation, recent research into the “respiratory‐energetics hypothesis” has suggested that metabolic demands for oxygen intake may influence overall size. Here, we further test respiratory‐energetics hypothesis and investigate potential interactions between pressures on morphology. Materials Methods This study employed computed tomography (CT) scans of 79 mixed‐sex crania...

Prehistoric colonization of East Polynesia represents the last and most extensive human migrations into regions previously uninhabited. Although much is tropical, southern third, dominated by New Zealand-by far largest Polynesian landmass-ranges from a warm- to cool-temperate climate with some islands extending Subantarctic. The substantial latitudinal variation implies questions about biocultural adaptations tropical people conditions in which their familiar resources were absent...

Human habitation and adaptation to extreme environments have a deep history in anthropological research. Anthropologists’ understanding of these ecological pressures how humans respond them has grown substantially over the last 100+ years. This review covers long-standing knowledge on classic conditions heat, cold, high altitude, while also updating areas which recent research broadened our human adaptation, acclimatization, resilience. Unfortunately, intersecting stresses structural...