Winter is a critical season for reindeer herding, with the amount and quality of snow being among most important factors determining condition annual success livelihood. Our first aim was to model future (2035–2064) conditions in northern Finland, especially quantities related ground ice and/or layers within pack, exceptionally deep late melt. Secondly, we studied strategies by which herders cope impacts difficult weather on herding interviewing 21 herders. SNOWPACK simulations indicate that...

We studied interannual variability and changes over time in selected climate indices the reindeer management area (RMA) northern Finland. present together knowledge possessed by herders with information from meteorological measurements three decades. The practitioner was gathered via a survey questionnaire addressing herder observations of long-term (approximately during past 30 years) climatic conditions their impacts on herding four seasons. A set temperature-, precipitation- snow-related...

Snow is a crucial part in the lives of Sámi reindeer herders, and changes snow conditions can affect their well-being multiple ways. However, meanings emotions associated with are rarely considered research on herding climate change. Based thematic interviews herders two co-operatives Homeland Finland, we examined roles for impacts extreme winter events recent years well-being. In addition, based literature survey, role herders’ knowledge change related to area Sweden, Norway. Our results...

Abstract Background Social context and peers significantly impact students' motivation, especially in collaborative learning settings. However, there is limited evidence on how students strategically influence each other's motivation through socially shared regulation of (SSRL). Aims This study examined secondary school SSRL during learning, focusing groups regulate these processes individual situational peer interactions. Sample The participants were 95 (13–16 years) performing a science...

The research examines reindeer feeding practices and herders’ learning of them in three herding co-operatives Finland: Kuukas the south, Oraniemi central area, Hammastunturi north. In southern co-operatives, from late 19th century until Second World War (1939 – 45), trees rich lichens were cut to provide emergency forage. Harvesting associated with “tether calving” “fence have been common northern co-operatives. 1960s 1970s, poor digging conditions resulted losses, pressure feed increased...

Abstract We studied commercial fishers’ observations and experience-based knowledge in combination with long-term monitoring data order to gain a holistic view of the adaptation fishers climate change other drivers on Lake Inari. Fishers’ main sustainability concerns included degradation environment, overfishing, lack decision-making power. The fishery fishing have changed due increased water temperature lake productivity; open-water period has become longer winter season shorter...

This study focuses on the resonance strategies of Sámi reindeer herders in four reindeer-herding cooperatives northernmost Finland climatically extreme years, specifically those occurring during period 1970–2007. "Resonance" is an instinctive and indwelling reaction a herder to specific change (in contrast coping, which more general response). The based interviews with herders, field experiences, population statistics, weather data. Before 1960s, were able deal changing conditions by using...

Interest in human physiological responses to cold stress have seen a resurgence recent years with focus on brown adipose tissue (BAT), mitochondria dense fat specialized for heat production. However, majority of the work examining BAT has been conducted among temperate climate populations.To expand our understanding thermogenesis population, we measured, using indirect calorimetry and thermal imaging, metabolic rate body surface temperatures BAT-positive BAT-negative regions at room...

The semi-domesticated nature of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) makes it a distinct case among world's herbivores. Here, we review literature on how shape vegetation and soil carbon nitrogen cycles in northernmost Fennoscandia. We first describe main historical events that shaped present-day grazing patterns different countries, then discuss methodological considerations needed for interpreting evidence from grazer exclosures ecological environmental contexts. argue is critical to be...

The long-term effects of simulated acid rain treatment (pH 4 and pH 3) on the physicochemical characteristics needle surfaces in a natural stand Scots pine was investigated extreme north Finland during period 1985–1988. By end this period, 3 treated pines had received sulphur load 7.48 g m −2 nitrogen 2.62 , 1.23 0.43 addition to ambient deposition. No visible symptoms injury were observed needles, but their growth significantly reduced. Delayed development epistomatal waxes four types...

Abstract Objective Elevated resting metabolic rates (RMR, kcal/day) are a well‐established mechanism for maintaining core body temperature among cold climate populations. A high degree of interindividual variation has recently been noted circumpolar To further examine RMR variability, we investigated anthropometric and differences reindeer herders from subarctic Finland. Methods Resting rates, mass, composition, height, age, sex were measured 20 (5 females, 15 males, 20‐64 years) seven...

Conifer needles of high‐elevation species have been reported to screen UV radiation effectively from penetrating the leaf interior. Experiments were designed investigate epidermal transmittance (ET) lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) ambient UV‐A and UV‐B in Rocky Mountains southeastern Wyoming. Two exclusion treatments used plastic filters regulate amount incident natural sunlight. One experiment utilized potted seedlings grown field at 2488‐m elevation, while other saplings...

The recovery and expansion of large carnivores have increased livestock damage in Europe, one example being the reindeer husbandry northern Fennoscandia. Mostly free-ranging herds been exposed to predation. We studied connections between contemporary predator management approach consequences predation within area Finland. National supranational policies aim at biodiversity conservation; populations with favourable conservation status play an important role this. metapopulation has suffering...

Arctic regions are warming significantly faster than other parts of the globe, leading to changes in snow, ice and weather conditions, ecosystems local cultures. These have brought worry concern triggered feelings loss among Indigenous Peoples communities. Recently, research has started address emotional social dimensions climate change, framed through concept ecological grief. In this study, we examine sociocultural impacts change expressions grief members reindeer herding communities Sámi...

Abstract Mountain birch forests in the northern areas of Sápmi, Saami homeland, serve as pastures for semi-domesticated reindeer. Recent reindeer management area has, to date, proceeded with little involvement herders or their knowledge. To get more in-depth understanding recent changes, we present together herders’ knowledge and scientific concerning impacts herbivory climate change on mountain three communities Norway Finland. Most interviewed reported changes weather during preceding...

Markkula, I., M. T. Turunen, and S. Kantola. 2019. Traditional local knowledge in land use planning: insights into the of Akwé: Kon Guidelines Eanodat, Finnish Sápmi. Ecology Society 24(1):20. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10735-240120