The general understanding of hippocampal circuits is that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) are topographically connected through parallel identical along dorsoventral axis. Our anterograde tracing in vitro electrophysiology data, however, show a markedly different organization projection to medial EC (MEC). While dorsal projections confined MEC, ventral innervate both MEC. Further, whereas preferentially targets layer Vb (LVb) neurons, mainly cells Va (LVa). This connectivity...

The interplay between hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) is of key importance for forming spatial representations. Within the hippocampal-entorhinal loop, receives context-specific signals from layers II/III mEC feeds memory-associated activity back into layer V (LV). processing this output signal within mEC, however, largely unknown. We characterized activation receiving network by evoked naturally occurring patterns in mouse slices. Both types glutamatergic neurons (mEC LVa...

Abstract The cholinergic system is crucially involved in several cognitive processes including attention, learning and memory. Muscarinic actions have profound effects on the intrinsic firing pattern of neurons. In principal neurons entorhinal cortex (EC), muscarinic receptors activate an cation current that causes multiple self‐sustained spiking activity, which represents a potential mechanism for transiently sustaining information about novel items. amygdala appears to be important...

Understanding the modulation of neural circuitry fear is clearly one most important aims in neurobiology. Protein phosphorylation response to external stimuli considered a major mechanism underlying dynamic changes circuitry. TrkB (Ntrk2) neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase potently modulates synaptic plasticity and activates signal transduction pathways mainly through two sites [Y515/Shc site; Y816/PLCγ (phospholipase Cγ) site]. To identify molecular required for learning amygdalar...

Deep layers (V/VI) of the entorhinal cortex transfer hippocampal neuronal activity to downstream neocortical networks. In addition, neurons in layer VI (LVI) medial (MEC) project back all subregions and contribute spatial coding memory. Their role processing output signals their interaction with LV is, however, unknown. We show that spontaneously occurring sharp wave-ripple complexes reliably propagate from area CA1 MEC LVI. Using anterograde tracing vitro optogenetics, we confirm direct...

Abstract The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a major gateway for sensory information into the hippocampus and receives cholinergic input from forebrain. Therefore, we studied muscarinic effects on excitability intracellular Ca 2+ signalling in layer II stellate III pyramidal projection neurons of EC. In both classes neurons, local pressure‐pulse application carbachol (1 m ) caused small, atropine‐sensitive membrane depolarizations that were not accompanied by any detectable changes [Ca ] i . At...

Periodic spontaneous activity represents an important attribute of the developing nervous system. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a crucial component medial temporal lobe memory Yet, little known about in immature EC. Here, we investigated field potential (fp) and intrinsic firing patterns EC layer III principal neurons brain slices obtained from rats at first two postnatal weeks. A fraction spontaneously generated prolonged (2–20 s) voltage-dependent bursting activity. Prolonged bursts were...

The entorhinal cortex (EC) is a critical component of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system. Local networks within MTL express variety state‐dependent network oscillations that are believed to organize neuronal activity during formation. peculiar pattern sharp wave‐ripple complexes (SPW‐R) entrains neurons by very fast oscillation at ∼200 Hz in hippocampal areas CA3 and CA1 then propagates through “output loop” into EC. precise mechanisms SPW‐R propagation resulting cellular input...

Across biological systems, cooperativity between proteins enables fast actions, supra-linear responses, and long-lasting molecular switches. In the nervous system, however, function of cooperative interactions voltage-dependent ionic channels remains largely unknown. Based on mathematical modeling, we here demonstrate that clusters strongly ion can plausibly form bistable conductances. Consequently, are permanently switched by neuronal spiking, off strong hyperpolarization, remain in their...

Structural and functional plasticity of synapses are critical neuronal mechanisms underlying learning memory. While activity-dependent regulation synaptic strength has been extensively studied, much less is known about the transcriptional control synapse maintenance plasticity. Hippocampal mossy fiber connect dentate granule cells to CA3 pyramidal neurons important for spatial memory formation -consolidation. The transcription factor Bcl11b/Ctip2 expressed in required postnatal hippocampal...

The transcription factor Bcl11b has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with synaptic dysfunction. is highly expressed in dentate gyrus granule neurons required for the structural functional integrity of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remained unclear. We show mice that organizer molecule C1ql2 a direct target regulates vesicle recruitment long-term potentiation at synapses vivo vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate...

The transcription factor Bcl11b has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with synaptic dysfunction. is highly expressed in dentate gyrus granule neurons required for the structural functional integrity of mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remained unclear. We show mice that organizer molecule C1ql2 a direct target regulates vesicle recruitment long-term potentiation at synapses vivo vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate...

The cholinergic system is critically involved in the modulation of cognitive functions, including learning and memory. Acetylcholine acts through muscarinic (mAChRs) nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), which are both abundantly expressed hippocampus. Previous evidence indicates that choline, precursor degradation product Acetylcholine, can itself activate nAChRs thereby affects intrinsic synaptic neuronal functions. Here, we asked whether cellular actions choline directly affect hippocampal...

Ectopic action potentials (EAPs) arise at distal locations in axonal fibres and are often associated with neuronal pathologies such as epilepsy or nerve injury, but they also occur during physiological network conditions. This study investigates whether initiation of EAPs is modulated by subthreshold synaptic activity. Somatic invade the compartment to considerable distances (>350 μm), whereas spread soma inefficient. spike generation entrained conventional signalling mechanisms. Excitatory...

Modeling the joint dynamics of term structures interest rates in U.S. and Europe, two largest economies world, is extremely important international finance. Such a structure model essential for pricing managing rate risks banks bond investors. In this paper, we provide both theoretical empirical analysis multi-factor affine models dollars euros. particular, systematic classiffication similar to that Dai Singleton (2000). A principal component daily dollar euro reveals four factors data. We...

Medial temporal lobe structures are essential for memory formation which is associated with coherent network oscillations. During ontogenesis, these highly organized patterns develop from distinct, less synchronized forms of activity. This maturation process goes along marked changes in intrinsic firing individual neurons. One critical factor determining neuronal excitability activity ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (KATP channels) coupled electrical to metabolic state. Here, we examined the...