Abstract This survey provides an introduction into eye tracking visualization with overview of existing techniques. Eye is important for evaluating user behaviour. Analysing data typically done quantitatively, applying statistical methods. However, in recent years, researchers have been increasingly using qualitative and exploratory analysis methods based on For this state‐of‐the‐art report, we investigated about 110 research papers presenting techniques data. We classified these identified...

We introduce a visual analytics method to analyze eye movement data recorded for dynamic stimuli such as video or animated graphics. The focus lies on the analysis of several viewers identify trends in general viewing behavior, including time sequences attentional synchrony and objects with strong focus. By using space-time cube visualization combination clustering, associated gazes can be analyzed static 3D representation. Shotbased, spatiotemporal clustering generates potential areas...

We conducted a controlled empirical eye tracking study with 40 participants using schematic metro maps. The focused on two aspects: determining different reading strategies and assessing user performance. considered the following factors: color encoding (color vs. gray-scale), map complexity (three levels), task difficulty levels). There was one type of task: find route from start to target location state number transfers that have be performed. To identify strategies, we annotated fixations...

Evaluation has become a fundamental part of visualization research and researchers have employed many approaches from the field human-computer interaction like measures task performance, thinking aloud protocols, analysis logs. Recently, eye tracking also popular to analyze visual strategies users in this context. This added another modality more data, which requires special techniques data. However, only few exist that aim at an integrated multiple concurrent evaluation procedures. The...

The analysis of eye tracking data often requires the annotation areas interest (AOIs) to derive semantic interpretations human viewing behavior during experiments. This is typically most time-consuming step process. Especially for from wearable glasses, every independently recorded video has be annotated individually and corresponding AOIs between videos have identified. We provide a novel visual analytics approach ease this process by image-based, automatic clustering integrated in an...

We present a new visualization approach for displaying eye tracking data from multiple participants. aim to show the spatio-temporal of gaze points in context underlying image or video stimulus without occlusion. Our technique, denoted as stripes, does not require explicit definition areas interest but directly uses around points, similar thumbnails images. A stripe consists sequence such point images, oriented along horizontal timeline. By aligned it is possible analyze and compare viewing...

The application of eye tracking for the evaluation humans' viewing behavior is a common approach in psychological research. So far, use this technique visual analytics and visualization less prominent. We investigate recent scientific publications from main conferences journals that include an by tracking. Furthermore, we provide overview goals can be achieved state-of-the-art analysis techniques data. Ideally, leads to mixed-initiative cognitive system where mechanism distribution...

We introduce a new design for the visual analysis of eye tracking data recorded from dynamic stimuli such as video. ISeeCube includes multiple coordinated views to support different aspects various tasks. It combines methods spatiotemporal gaze unlabeled videos well possibility annotate and investigate Areas Interest (AOIs). A static overview complete set is provided by space-time cube visualization that shows points with density-based color mapping clustering data. timeline supports AOIs...

The analysis of inherent structures movies plays an important role in studying stylistic devices and specific, content-related questions. Examples are the personal constellations movie scenes, dialogue-based content analysis, or investigation image-based features. We provide a visual analytics approach that supports analytical reasoning process to derive higher level insights about on semantic level. Combining automatic methods for scene based script subtitle text, we perform low-level data...

The application of eye tracking for the evaluation humans’ viewing behavior is a common approach in psychological research. So far, use this technique visual analytics and visualization less prominent. We investigate recent scientific publications from main conferences journals, as well related research fields that include an by tracking. Furthermore, we provide overview goals can be achieved state-of-the-art analysis techniques data. Ideally, leads to mixed-initiative cognitive system where...

Subtitles play a crucial role in cross-lingual distribution of multimedia content and help communicate information where auditory is not feasible (loud environments, hearing impairments, unknown languages). Established methods utilize text at the bottom screen, which may distract from video. Alternative techniques place captions closer to related (e.g., faces) but are applicable arbitrary videos such as documentations. Hence, we propose leverage live gaze indirect input method adapt...

For the analysis of eye movement data, an increasing number methods have emerged to examine and analyze different aspects data. In particular, due complex spatio-temporal nature gaze data for dynamic stimuli, there has been a need recent trend toward development visualization visual analytics techniques such With this paper, we provide benchmark test methods, but also other processing. tracking from video existing datasets often few information about recorded patterns and, therefore, are not...

In eye tracking studies a complex visual stimulus requires the definition of many areas interest (AOIs). Often these AOIs have an inherent, nested hierarchical structure that can be utilized to facilitate analysis tasks. We discuss how this AOI in combination with appropriate visualization techniques applied analyze fixation sequences on differently aggregated levels. An View, Tree, Matrix, and Graph enable bottom-up top-down evaluation sequences. conducted expert review compared our current...

Abstract The distribution of visual attention can be evaluated using eye tracking, providing valuable insights into usability issues and interaction patterns. However, when used in real, augmented, collaborative environments, new challenges arise that go beyond desktop scenarios purely virtual environments. Toward addressing these challenges, we present a visualization technique provides complementary views on the movement tracking data recorded from multiple people real‐world Our method is...

The incorporation of subtitles in multimedia content plays an important role communicating spoken content. For example, the respective language are often preferred to expensive audio translation foreign movies. traditional representation displays text centered at bottom screen. This layout can lead large distances between and relevant image content, causing eye strain even that we miss visual As a recent alternative, technique speaker-following places subtitle speech bubbles close current...

This work investigates and compares the performance of node-link diagrams, adjacency matrices, bipartite layouts for visualizing networks. In a crowd-sourced user study ( n=150), we measure task accuracy completion time three representations different network classes properties. contrast to literature, which covers mostly topology-based tasks (e.g., path finding) in small datasets, mainly focus on overview large directed We consider networks with 500 nodes: (T1) class identification, (T2)...

Casual users nowadays can create almost arbitrary image content by providing textual prompts to generative machine-learning models. These models rapidly improve quality with each new generation, means photos, paintings in different styles, and even videos. One feature of such is the ability take an as input adjust according a prompt. A visual obfuscation be achieved for static images videos slightly changing persons, text, other objects. The potential this technique applied eye-tracking...

We facilitate the comparative visual analysis of eye tracking data from multiple participants with a visualization that represents temporal changes viewing behavior. Common approaches to visually analyze either occlude or ignore underlying stimulus, impairing interpretation displayed measures. introduce fixation-image charts: new technique display fixations in context stimulus without overlap between participants. Fixation durations, distance and direction saccades consecutive fixations, as...

Abstract Augmented Reality (AR) provides new ways for situated visualization and human‐computer interaction in physical environments. Current evaluation procedures AR applications rely primarily on questionnaires interviews, providing qualitative means to assess usability task solution strategies. Eye tracking extends these existing methodologies by indicators visual attention virtual real elements the environment. However, analysis of viewing behavior, especially comparison multiple...

Eye movement data can be regarded as a set of scan paths, each corresponding to one the visual scanning strategies certain study participant. Finding common subsequences in those paths is challenging task since they are typically not equally temporally long, do consist same number fixations, or lead along similar stimulus regions. In this paper we describe technique based on pairwise and multiple sequence alignment support analyst see most important patterns data. To reach goal first...

Modern machines continuously log status reports over long periods of time, which are valuable data to optimize working routines. Data visualization is a commonly used tool gain insights into these data, mostly in retrospective (e.g., determine causal dependencies between the faults different machines). We present an approach bring such visual analyses shop floor support reacting real time. This combines spatio-temporal time series using handheld touch device with augmented reality for live...

We investigate reading strategies for node-link diagrams that wrap around the boundaries in a flattened torus topology by examining eye tracking data recorded previous controlled study. Prior work showed drawing affords greater flexibility clutter reduction than traditional representations, but impedes link-and-path exploration tasks, while repeating tiles aids comprehension. However, it remains unclear what users apply different wrapping settings. This is important design implications...

We evaluate and compare video visualization techniques based on fast-forward. A controlled laboratory user study (n = 24) was conducted to determine the trade-off between support of object identification motion perception, two properties that have be considered when choosing a particular fast-forward visualization. four different visualizations: representing state-of-the-art new variants introduced in this paper. The methods we consider are frame-skipping temporal blending successive frames....