Many phytopathogenic bacteria display lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with the O-chain repeating unit [α-l-Rha-(1→3)-α-l-Rha-(1→3)-α-l-Rha-(1→2)]n. This trisaccharide was synthesized and oligomerized to obtain hexa- nonasaccharides. The deprotected rhamnans were effective in suppressing hypersensitive response (HR) inducing PR-1 gene expression Arabidopsis thaliana. Conformational analysis of oligorhamnans by NMR spectroscopy molecular dynamics calculations revealed that a coiled structure...

No pigs, no cows needed: Chondroitin sulfate for pharmacological uses is obtained from animal sources in low abundance and with a laborious downstream purification. It has now been synthesized the first time by an innovative microbiological–chemical approach consisting of chondroitin production E. coli K4 fed-batch fermentation its subsequent regioselective sulfation five steps 61 % overall yield (see scheme). Detailed facts importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting...

ABSTRACT To determine the function of wabG gene in biosynthesis core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Klebsiella pneumoniae , we constructed nonpolar mutants. Data obtained from comparative chemical and structural analysis LPS samples wild type, mutant strain, complemented demonstrated that is involved attachment toα - l -glycero- d -manno-heptopyranose II ( -Hep p II) at O-3 position anα -galactopyranosyluronic acid (α- -GalA ) residue. K. mutants were devoid cell-attached capsular polysaccharide...

Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan widely used as active principle of anti-osteoarthritis drugs and nutraceuticals, manufactured by extraction from animal cartilaginous tissues. During the manufacturing procedures, another glycosaminoglycan, keratan sulfate, might be contemporarily withdrawn, thus eventually constituting contaminant difficult to determined because its structural similarity. Considering strict regulatory rules on pureness pharmaceutical grade chondrotin there an...

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of complex polysaccharides ubiquitously distributed in extracellular matrices and at cell surfaces playing key roles myriad biological processes. Their structures based on disaccharide building blocks, usually containing an amino sugar uronic acid, decorated with one or more sulfate groups. Many efforts to gain access large number sulfated GAG potential tailored biomedical applications, suitable chemical (and chemo‐enzymatic) derivatization...

Chemical O-glycosylation of polysaccharides is an almost unexplored reaction. This mainly due to the difficulties in derivatizing such complex biomacromolecules a quantitative manner and with fine control obtained structural parameters. In this work, chondroitin raw material from microbial source was chemo- regioselectively protected give two polysaccharide intermediates, that acted turn as glycosyl acceptors fucosylation reactions. Further manipulations on fucosylated polysaccharides,...

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan playing several biological functions, which seem to be encoded through its sulfation pattern. This "sulfation code" still deciphered. One of the barriers this goal difficulty in achieving structurally well-defined CS polysaccharides since extraction from natural sources often leads complex heterogeneous structures. Instead, an approach relying on chemical modification microbially sourced unsulfated chondroitin can allow access semisynthetic...

BDDE (1,4-butanediol-diglycidylether)-crosslinked hyaluronan (HA) hydrogels are widely used for dermo-aesthetic purposes. The rheology and stability of the gels under physiological conditions greatly affect their clinical indications outcomes. To date, no studies investigating how these features related to chemistry polymeric network have been reported. Here, four available HA-BDDE were studied determine what extent with respect enzymatic hydrolysis relate type degree HA structural...

Burkholderia cepacia, a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous in the environment, is plant pathogen causing soft rot of onions. This microorganism has recently emerged as life-threatening multiresistant cystic fibrosis patients. An important virulence factor B. cepacia lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction. Clinical isolates and environmental strains possess LPS high inflammatory nature, which induces level production cytokines. For first time, complete structure lipid A components isolated from...

The large-scale production of oligosaccharides is a daunting task, hampering the study role glycans in vivo and testing efficacy novel glycan-based drugs. Glycosynthases, mutated glycosidases that synthesize high yields, are becoming important chemo-enzymatic tools for oligosaccharides. However, while β-glycosynthase can be produced with rather well-established technology, examples α-glycosynthases thus far limited only to enzymes from glycoside hydrolase 29 (GH29), GH31 GH95 families....

Abstract The extraction from natural sources of Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a polysaccharide used for management osteoarthritis, leads to very complex mixtures. synthesis CS by chemical modification other polysaccharides has seldom been reported due the intrinsic complexity that arises fine modifications structure. In view growing interest in expanding application pharmacological fields than osteoarthritis treatment, we launched program find new known or even unprecedented polysaccharides. As...

Abstract Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fCS)—a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) found in sea cucumbers—has recently attracted much attention owing to its biological properties. In particular, a low molecular mass fCS polysaccharide has very been suggested as strong candidate for the development of an antithrombotic drug that would be safer and more effective than heparin. To avoid use animal sourced drugs, here we present chemical transformation microbial unsulfated into small library fucosylated...

Glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, are not only more required main ingredients in cosmeceutical nutraceutical preparations, but also active principles medical devices pharmaceutical products. However, while biotechnological production of is industrially established through fermentation Streptococcus spp. recently Bacillus subtilis, yet on the market. A non-hemolytic hyaluronidase negative S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus mutant strain was engineered this work...

A microwave-assisted esterification reaction to prepare hyaluronan-curcumin derivatives by employing a solvent-free process was developed. In particular, solid-state strategy react two molecules characterized totally different solubility profiles Hyaluronic acid, highly hydrosoluble polysaccharide, reacted with hydrophobic and even water-unstable curcumin. Microwave (MW) irradiation employed activate the between solid compounds through direct interaction them preserve integrity of sensitive...

Introduction: B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 is a commercially available well-characterized probiotic with documented effects on human health, such as the ability to enhance immune function and balance intestinal microbiome. Therefore, optimizing manufacturing process improve sustainability, increasing biomass yields viability, avoiding animal -derived nutrients in medium meet vegan consumer’s needs, currently of interest. Besides established use live cells, alternative supplements...