Background: Returning to a healthy level of physical activity is among the most commonly discussed clinical goals for patients recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, has not been objectively measured in this population. Purpose: To investigate differences mean time (min/d) spent moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) as well daily step count (steps/d) between who underwent ACLR and matched controls. A second purpose was relationships MVPA objective assessments Tegner...

Abstract The past two decades have seen a rapid rise in attention towards talent identification, athlete development and skill acquisition. However, there are important limitations to the evidentiary foundations of this field research. For instance, variability describing performance levels individuals has made it challenging draw inferences about inter- intrapopulation differences. More specifically, recent reviews on high performers sport noted considerable variation how terms such as...

This study aimed to evaluate youth-to-senior transition and the relative age effect in Italian female football national teams. Birthdate data of 774 players selected for Under 17 (N = 416), 19 265) National Senior team 93) were analysed. The rate was determined by number youth competing (and vice versa), whilst birth quarter (Q) distributions with a chi-square goodness-of-fit test. Only 17.4% able be team, whereas 31.2% reached high-senior level without being groups. Data revealed skewed...

This study provides insight into the current fitness testing practices in elite male soccer. One hundred and two practitioners from professional soccer leagues across 24 countries completed an online survey comprising 29 questions, with five sections: a) background information, b) selection, c) implementation, d) data analysis, e) reporting. Frequency analysis was used to evaluate responses fixed response questions thematic for open-ended generate clear distinct themes. Strength (85%)...

Background: Individual differences in biological maturation impact player selection and development youth football.Aim: To evaluate players perceptions of competing a football tournament where they were matched by maturity rather than chronological age.Subjects: Participants included male junior footballers from three professional academies (n = 115).Methods: The study employed multiple methods analysis, including one sample mean t-tests, equivalence tests, ANOVAs, thematic analysis...

A longitudinal investigation into the relative age effect in an English professional football club: Exploring 'underdog hypothesis'The (RAE) refers to bias influence of birthdate distribution, with athletes born later selection year being under-represented talent development systems.However, despite their recruitment constraints at youth level, hypothesis' (UH) has shown that younger birth quarter (BQ) are overrepresented among those who successfully transition from systems senior...

COVID-19 represents an unprecedented challenge for the youth sport sector. Due to public health policies designed slow down transmission of this highly infectious disease and mitigate secondary impacts, programs around world have experienced sudden interruptions their activities. In commentary, we put forward Personal Assets Framework as a tool explore potential implications on development. Adaptations dynamic elements experience, including personal engagement in activities (i.e. virtual...

This study aimed to: (1) examine differences in physical performance across birth-quartiles and maturity-status, (2) determine the relationships among relative age, maturation young male soccer players. The sample included 199 males aged between 8.1 18.9 years, from two professional academies English Football League. Data were collected for height, weight, self-reported biological parent heights, 30 m sprint time countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Relative age was conveyed as a decimal,...

A common practice in youth rugby union is to group players based on (bi)annual age with fixed cut-off dates. The overrepresentation of born at the start date and underrepresentation toward end are termed relative effects (RAEs). aim this study was examine RAEs during entry into professional international pathways England, as well comparing them their respective senior cohort: U15 Regional Academy Player ( n = 1,114) vs. Senior Professional 281) U16–23 England 849) International 48)....

Introduction: Lack of time, management support, insufficient facilitates, workload balance, and culture are often reported as common barriers to physical activity (PA) participation in the workplace. In comparison, identifying facilitators PA workplace scarce. A ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach overcoming may also be unsuccessful within university settings where multidisciplinary workforce exists due heterogeneity nature job roles. Thus, aim this study was understand perceived employees who were...

Soccer organizations generally adopt deterministic models within their talent pathways. In this framework, early ability and results are emphasized, leading to selection biases, such as birth advantages (i.e., relative age effects birthplace effects), which research has shown affect both developmental experiences continued sporting involvement. Accordingly, study aimed (a) provide further test of in Italian youth soccer by exploring the quarter (BQ) (BP) distribution 1050 male players born...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence relative age effects (RAEs) within and between U18, U21 professional senior squads, that compete in highest (respective) leagues England. Birthdate, playing position (years) U18 ( n = 487), 350), 396) players from squads competing divisions their respective groups were obtained. Moreover, nationality (UK or Non-UK) recorded for players, with estimated market value also obtained players. Chi-square tests, Cramer’s V odds...

Background: Sports science and medicine (SSM) is integral to professional football clubs. The level below in England, ‘non-league football’ (NLF), consists of full-time part-time existing literature has exclusively focused on SSM football, with the resources practices NLF currently unknown. Therefore, this study explored within by investigating perspectives key stakeholders working coaching disciplines. Methods: Fifty participants (coaching practitioners [n = 25] 25]) from clubs completed an...

Relative Age Effects (RAEs) are a phenomenon in athletics related to an over-representation of individuals born closer arbitrary cutoff date. Such effects have been shown many different countries, levels play, and contexts, although they yet be studied volleyball within the United States, which is second most popular high school girls’ sport fastest growing college for males. Therefore, purpose this study was examine RAEs volleyball. Publicly available data were collected from websites...

Soccer systems promote early identification and specialisation practices to satisfy short- long-term goals-both from sporting performance financial gains perspectives. In this context, players are (de)selected based on observed level their ability conform given organisational demands, leading the proliferation of selection biases, such as relative age effects (RAEs), which research has shown influence both developmental experiences senior career achievements. Accordingly, study aims to: (a)...

Introduction Despite its widespread prevalence in youth soccer, there seems to be no widely implemented intervention moderate or overcome Relative Age Effects (RAEs). The purpose of this study was a call action for stakeholders propose relative age solutions the Royal Netherlands Football Association (KNVB). Methods consisted standardised, open-access questionnaire that contained questions focussed on: (a) mechanisms proposal, (b) hypothesised effects, and (c) reference empirical findings....

The purpose of this study was to adopt the Personal Assets Framework (PAF) examine immediate, short-term, and long-term developmental outcomes associated with relative age effects (RAEs) in male cricket. As such, comprised three aims: (a) birth quarter (BQ) distribution players throughout England Wales Cricket Board (ECB) national talent pathway (i.e., Regional U15, U17, U19, Lions, T20, ODI, Test; n = 1800; immediate timescale), (b) explore youth-to-senior transitions based on BQ skill-set...

The talent development processes in youth football are both complex and multidimensional. purpose of this two-fold study was to apply a multidisciplinary, machine learning approach examine: (a) the developmental characteristics under-9 under-16 academy players (n = 98; Study 1), (b) selected deselected under-18 18; 2). A combined total 53 factors cumulated from eight data collection methods across two seasons were analysed. cross-validated Lasso regression implemented, using glmnet package...

Social factors and psychological characteristics can influence participation development in talent pathways. However, the interaction between these two is relatively unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate implications socioeconomic status English academy soccer players (n=58; aged 11 16 years). To assess status, participants' home postcodes were coded according each individual's social classification credit rating, applying UK General Registrar Classification system CameoTM...

Cost effective, quantifiable assessment of lower extremity movement represents potential improvement over standard tools for evaluation injury risk. Ten healthy participants completed three trials a drop jump, overhead squat, and single leg squat task. Peak hip knee kinematics were assessed using an 8 camera BTS Smart 7000DX motion analysis system the Microsoft Kinect® system. The agreement consistency between both uncorrected correct Kinect kinematic variables interclass correlations...