Coevolution between interacting species is thought to increase biodiversity, but evidence linking microevolutionary processes macroevolutionary patterns scarce. We leveraged two decades of behavioral research coupled with historical DNA analysis reveal that coevolution hosts underpins speciation in brood-parasitic bronze-cuckoos. At a scale, we show highly virulent taxa have higher rates and are more likely speciate sympatry than less-virulent nonparasitic relatives. the process underlying...

Brood parasitic cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds' nests, whereafter the young cuckoo hatches, ejects its nest-mates and monopolizes care of host parents. Theory predicts that hosts should not evolve to recognize reject chicks via imprinting because risk mistakenly on a chick first brood thereafter always rejecting own chicks. However, recent studies have revealed some do from nest, indicating these hosts’ recognition systems either rely imprinting, or use cues are independent phenotype....

Abstract This study aims to enhance the performance of inorganic perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) by incorporating porous silica (p‐SiO 2 ) fabricate perovskite‐composite films for electroluminescence (EL) devices. is because, in addition material, composites with inherently stable materials are needed ensure additional external stability. The introduced p‐SiO particles impede crystal growth during anti‐solvent assisted crystallization process, resulting formation smaller CsPbBr 3...

Since obligate avian brood parasites depend completely on the effort of other host species for rearing their progeny, availability hosts will be a critical resource life history. Circumstantial evidence suggests that intense competition may exist not only within but also between species. So far, however, few studies have demonstrated whether interspecific really occurs in system parasitism and how nature is related to niche evolution. Using occurrence data five from two sources nationwide...

Abstract In theory, emancipation from parental care is expected to favor promiscuous mating systems. However, in avian brood parasites, monogamy surprisingly widespread, and it has been proposed that this may be favored by factors such as low population density territoriality. Correspondingly, our previous research revealed parasitic Horsfield’s bronze-cuckoos (Chalcites basalis), which occur at densities defend territories, are monogamous. Here, we contrast study with the system of...

Determining the genetic diversity and source rookeries of sea turtles collected from feeding grounds can facilitate effective conservation initiatives. To ascertain composition rookery, we examined a partial sequence mitochondrial control region (CR, 796 bp) 40 green (Chelonia mydas) around Korean Peninsula between 2014 2022. We conducted mixed-stock analyses (MSA) identified 10 CR haplotypes previously reported in Japanese populations. In haplotype network, six, three, one haplotype(s)...

Variation in plumage color the family Cuculidae has become an interesting subject for model systems study of avian evolution. It is notable that certain parasitic species, such as Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus and Lesser C. poliocephalus, it only females exhibit polymorphism, with either gray or rufous morphs. However, a general lack systematic quantitative data on morphs means underlying mechanism morph variation remains unclear. Our studies wild-captured male female cuckoos (both above...

Abstract Coevolutionary interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts often lead to the evolution of discrimination rejection parasite eggs or chicks by based on visual cues, mimicry host parasites. Hosts may also base nestlings vocal which would in turn select for begging calls chicks. In cuckoos that exploit multiple with different calls, call structure be plastic, allowing modify match those various hosts, fixed, case we predict either imperfect divergence species into...

Abstract In a parasite species, the dispersal of individuals should be dependent on host species to which they are specialized; thus, any sexual/individual difference in specificity may influence their patterns and, hence, population genetic structures. However, such predictions remain poorly verified generalist avian brood parasites that composed multiple lineages host-specific races. Here, we show consequences inferred from spatial structures and association with parasitic common cuckoos...

The ultimate explanations for avian brood parasitism have been studied intensively as a model system coevolution, but little is known about the proximate mechanisms, example hormonal regulation, underlying parasitic behaviour. In this study, we explored seasonal hormone profiles in two Cuculus species breeding Republic of Korea. As parasites relatively simple stages without incubation and provisioning, predicted that during season individuals would exhibit similar levels testosterone (T)...

Many hosts of brood-parasitic cuckoos reject foreign eggs from the nest. Yet where nests commonly receive more than one cuckoo egg, might benefit by instead accepting parasite eggs. This is because remove an egg nest before adding their own, and keeping in reduces odds that further host are removed subsequent cuckoos. 'clutch dilution effect' has been proposed as a precondition for evolution nestling eviction hosts, but no previous studies have tested this rejects nestlings. We clutch...

이 연구에서는 과학고 교사들의 영재교육에 대한 신념과 실제수업의 관련성을 알아보았다. 사례 연구의 자료는 한 과학 고등학교에 근무하는 세 명의 과학교사로부터 얻었으며, 면담과 수업관찰 등 질적 연구 방법을 통해 수집하였다. 운영과 교사의 수업에 관련된 다양한 자료도 함께 수집되어 상호검증을 통한 일 치도 확인 방법으로 자료 분석이 이루어졌다. 결과, 근무경력이 가장 많은 교사는 교사중심의 신념 을 가졌고, 실제 수업 역시 교사 중심으로 운영되었다. 또한 적은 학생 중심의 신 념을 반면 중간인 가졌으나, 수업은 운영되어 수업의 불일치를 보여주었다. 이러한 결 과로부터, 학교 문화가 신념보다는 더 강하게 영향을 준다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 과 학고 근무 경력이 많을수록 신념은 영재교육보다는 대학 입학을 위한 지식 교육을 변 화되었다. 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 교사를 교사교육 프로그램의 필요성을 제안하였다. This study investigated the relationship...

Abstract Many hosts of brood parasitic cuckoos reject foreign eggs from the nest. Yet where nests commonly receive more than one cuckoo egg, might benefit by instead accepting parasite eggs. This is because remove an egg nest before adding their own, and keeping in reduces odds that further host are removed subsequent cuckoos. ‘clutch dilution effect’ has been proposed as a precondition for evolution nestling eviction hosts, but no previous studies have tested this rejects nestlings. We...

Control of the size and shape nanoparticles significantly impacts ability to control their physical chemical properties. In this paper, we introduce a technique split large into smaller ones. After addition ascorbic acid (AA), 50 nm-sized gold (Au) in form polycrystals were with sizes 10 nm. We believe that AA plays critical role breaking down Au particles. Additionally, can be used synthesize small AuPt bimetallic amount Pt on surface showing reaction could help formation variety Au-based...