Type VI protein secretion system (T6SS) is important for bacterial competition through contact-dependent killing of competitors. T6SS delivers effectors to neighboring cells and corresponding antagonistic proteins confer immunity against that are delivered by sister cells. Although has been found in more than 100 gram-negative bacteria including many human pathogens, few T6SS-dependent effector have experimentally determined. Here we report a high-throughput approach using transposon...

A type VI secretion system (T6SS) was recently shown to be required for full virulence of Vibrio cholerae O37 serogroup strain V52. In this study, we systematically mutagenized each individual gene in T6SS locus and characterized their functions based on expression the hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp), towards amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum killing Escherichia coli bacterial cells. We group 17 proteins into four categories: twelve (VipA, VipB, VCA0109–VCA0115, ClpV, VCA0119, VasK) are...

Gram-negative bacteria use the type VI secretion system (T6SS) to translocate toxic effector proteins into adjacent cells. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa H1-locus T6SS assembles in response exogenous attack by other bacteria. We found that this lethal counterattack also occurs mating pair formation (Mpf) encoded broad-host-range IncPα conjugative plasmid RP4 present donor This was eliminated disruption of Mpf structural genes but not components required only for DNA transfer. Because activity...

Significance This work demonstrates that exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Vibrio cholerae can protect against exogenous type 6 secretion system (T6SS) attacks from different bacterial species. protection does not affect the ability of EPS-producing cell to use their own T6SS attack other bacteria, indicating EPS simply increase physical distance between cells afford protection. Furthermore, this protective effect depend on genes involved in biofilm biogenesis, suggesting EPSs determine...

The basis for segregation of sister chromosomes in bacteria is not established. We show here that two discrete ~150-kb regions, both located early the right replichore, exhibit prolonged juxtaposition loci, 20 and 30 min, respectively, after replication. Flanking meanwhile, separate. Thus, identified regions comprise specialized late-splitting intersister connections or snaps. Sister snap loci separate simultaneously concomitant with a major global nucleoid reorganization results emergence...

The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is used by many Gram-negative bacterial species to deliver toxic effector proteins into nearby bacteria prey cells kill or inhibit their growth. VgrG are core conserved substrates of the T6SS and one subset effectors consists with C-terminal extension domains carrying various enzymatic activities. In Vibrio cholerae, VgrG3 has a hydrolase domain degrades peptidoglycan in periplasm target bacteria. this study, we replaced nuclease from Salmonella enterica...

Highlights•DNA conjugation can be used to track bacterial cell-cell contacts during infection•Sites of in vivo contact correspond sites T6SS-mediated killing•V. cholerae T6SS contributes colonization the middle small intestine•DNA among V. occurs more efficiently than vitroSummaryVibrio is causative agent diarrheal disease cholera. Although many virulence factors have been studied, role interbacterial interactions within host gut and their influence on are poorly understood. Here, we...

Shigella sp. are enteric pathogens which causes >125 million cases of shigellosis annually. S. sonnei accounts for about a quarter those and is increasingly prevalent in industrialising nations. Being an pathogen, benefits from outcompeting gut commensals such as Escherichia coli to establish itself cause disease. There numerous mechanisms that bacterial use outcompete its rivals including molecules called colicins. A Type 6 Secretion System (T6SS) was recently described contributing E....

Abstract Bacterial conjugation is a process by which DNA transferred unidirectionally from donor cell to recipient cell. It the main means antibiotics resistance genes spread among bacterial populations. crucially dependent upon elaboration of an extracellular appendage, termed “pilus”, large double-membrane spanning secretion system conjugative “type IV system”. Here we present structure pilus encoded R388 plasmid. We demonstrate that, as opposed all pili produced so far for cryo-EM...

Bacterial conjugation is a process by which DNA transferred unidirectionally from donor cell to recipient cell. It the main means antibiotic resistance genes spread among bacterial populations. crucially dependent upon elaboration of an extracellular appendage, termed "pilus," large double-membrane-spanning secretion system conjugative "type IV system." Here we present structure pilus encoded R388 plasmid. We demonstrate that, as opposed all pili produced so far for cryoelectron microscopy...

Interbacterial competition is known to shape the microbial communities found in host, however interplay between this and host defense are less clear. Here, we use zebrafish hindbrain ventricle (HBV) as an vivo platform investigate responses defined bacterial with distinct forms of interbacterial competition. We that antibacterial activity type VI secretion system (T6SS) from both Vibrio cholerae Acinetobacter baylyi can induce inflammation sensitize infection independent any individual...

Extensive drug resistance (XDR) is an escalating global problem. Escherichia coli strain Sanji was isolated from outbreak of pheasant colibacillosis in Fujian province, China, 2011. This has XDR properties, exhibiting sensitivity to carbapenems but no other classes known antibiotics. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a total 32 antibiotic genes, many associated with insertion sequence 26 (IS26) elements. These were found on the chromosome and 2 its 6 plasmids, pSJ_255 pSJ_82. The also harbors...

The increase in antibiotic resistance bacteria has prompted the efforts developing new alternative strategies for pathogenic bacteria. We explored feasibility of targeting Vibrio cholerae by neutralizing bacterial cellular processes rather than outright killing pathogen. investigated efficacy delivering engineered regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) to modulate gene expression through DNA conjugation. As a proof concept, we several sRNAs type VI secretion system (T6SS), which were able...

ABSTRACT The increase in antibiotic resistance bacteria has prompted the efforts developing new alternative strategies for pathogenic bacteria. We explored feasibility of targeting Vibrio cholerae by neutralizing bacterial cellular processes rather than outright killing pathogen. investigated efficacy delivering engineered regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) to modulate gene expression through DNA conjugation. As a proof concept, we several sRNAs type VI secretion system (T6SS), which were able...

Background: Shigella sp. are enteric pathogens which causes >125 million cases of shigellosis globally. S. sonnei accounts for about a quarter those and is increasingly prevalent in industrialising nations. Being an pathogen, benefits from outcompeting gut commensals such as Escherichia coli to establish itself cause disease. There numerous mechanisms that bacterial use outcompete its rivals including small molecules called colicins. A Type 6 Secretion System (T6SS) was recently described...

Contractile tails of bacteriophages and related systems - R-type pyocins, the Serratia entomophila antifeeding prophage, Photorhabdus Virulence Cassette, Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) contain a special spike-shaped protein complex, which is involved in breaching target cell envelope during infection. We have identified genes determined crystal structures for several spike proteins from phages, T6SS, established paradigm their organization function. The architecture remarkably well...