To determine whether the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is present in vector ticks and mammalian hosts Korea, we examined two tick species, Haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 548) Ixodes nipponensis 87), lungs or spleens of rodents Apodemus agrarius 24) wild boars 16). Tick-borne was detected samples by reverse transcriptase (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), after which TBEV-positive were inoculated into BHK-21 cells suckling mice. genes 4 38 pools 5 24 rodents. Suckling mice...

Abstract To investigate whether tick‐borne encephalitis viruses (TBEVs) are present in South Korea, Korean ixodid ticks were tested for TBEV RNA. Ticks ( n = 2460) collected from wild and domestic animals or by flagging at forest grassland 12 regions of five provinces 2005–06. Four species two genera identified, yielding 197 sample pools (1–20 per pool); these, envelope protein gene fragments amplified reverse transcriptase‐nested polymerase chain reaction (RT‐nested PCR). Ten the 2104 adult...

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease that endemic to China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (ROK). In this study, 8313 ticks collected from SFTS outbreak areas in ROK 2013 were used detect virus (SFTSV). A single SFTSV was isolated cell culture one pool Haemaphysalis longicornis Samcheok-si, Gangwon Province, ROK. Phylogenetic analysis showed isolate clustered strain which humans. To best our knowledge, first isolation world vegetation.

In this study, we demonstrated that TBEV-infected ticks have been distributed in the ROK, combined with our previous results. These results suggest TBEV may exist and H. longicornis, flava, I. nipponensis be potential vectors of TBEV. addition, these emphasize need for further epidemiological research We examined presence RNA by reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) using ixodid captured 25 localities 10 provinces. Ticks were collected flagging dragging...

Cellular prion protein, a membrane is expressed in all mammals. Prion protein also found human blood as an anchorless and this form one of the many potential sources misfolded replication during transmission. Many studies have suggested that β-amyloid1-42 oligomer causes neurotoxicity associated with Alzheimer's disease, which mediated by acts receptor regulates hippocampal potentiation. The prevention binding these proteins has been proposed possible preventative treatment for disease;...

After an extensive vaccination policy, Japanese encephalitis (JE) was nearly eliminated since the mid-1980s in South Korea. Vaccination children shifted affected age of JE patients from to adults. However, abrupt increase cases occurred 2010, and this trend has continued. The present study aimed investigate prevalence neutralizing antibodies virus (JEV) among high-risk groups (≥40 years) A plaque reduction neutralization test conducted evaluate JEV 945 subjects within four (30–39, 40–49,...

As a result of the reintroduction malaria in Republic Korea (ROK) 1993 and threat to military civilian populations, Military National Defense (MND) increased emphasis on vector control 2012 at ROK Army (ROKA) installations located near DMZ, while decreasing chemoprophylaxis, fearing potential drug resistance. Mosquito surveillance demonstrated need for continuous monitoring disease patterns among ROKA soldiers infection rates ensure positive outcomes. Anopheles spp. were collected from...

Understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance to vector mosquitoes is critical for implementation effective control measures. A nulliparous susceptible Culex pipiens pallens (KSCP) laboratory colony and two field strains from Paju (PAJ) Jeonju (JEO) Korea were evaluated susceptibility five pesticides by microapplication techniques. Unfed PAJ JEO females demonstrated increased compared unfed KSCP females, respectively. While blood-fed <10-fold decreased 25.0–50.0- 16.0–38.6-fold...

Several different methods are currently used to detect antibodies Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in serum samples or cerebrospinal fluid. These include the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). The purpose of this study was compare performance each method detecting vaccine-induced JEV.The included 29 children who had completed a primary immunization schedule with...

Apoptosis has been shown to be induced and downregulated by the Hantaan virus (HTNV) nucleocapsid (N) protein. To address these conflicting data, expression of p53 protein, one key molecules involved in apoptosis, was assessed presence N protein A549 HeLa cells. The amount p53, increased drug treatment, reduced when cells were infected with HTNV or transfected an vector When treated a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) MDM2 antagonist (Nutlin-3), not protein-overexpressed We concluded that...

Polymorphisms of prion protein gene (PRNP) at codons 129 and 219 play an important role in the susceptibility to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Alzheimer's (AD) diseases, such as CJD, are both characterized by accumulation abnormally folded proteins brain. An association between sporadic AD PRNP polymorphism codon has been reported several studies, but other studies have failed confirm association. To investigate whether polymorphisms associated with increased risk for developing Korean...

We determined the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of complete envelope (E) protein gene five tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) strains KrM 93, 213, 215, 216, 219, isolated from wild rodents in South Korea. analyzed genetic variability within isolates compared them with 13 other TBEV strains. The E genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned into pGEM-T vectors, sequenced. similar to Western subtype (97%-99% identity) phylogenetic...

To date, no indigenous dengue virus (DENV) transmissions have been reported in Korea. However, imported infections diagnosed travelers returning from endemic areas. This study presents the first virological evidence of travel-associated DENV importation into South From January 2004 to June 2006, a total 278 serum samples 245 patients with suspected fever were tested using Panbio Dengue Duo IgM/IgG Rapid Strip Test. We selected 11 early symptomatic-phase sera that negative for IgM and...

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), included in the human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), is widely known to be caused by an abnormal accumulation of misfolding prion protein brain. Human gene (PRNP) mapped chromosome 20p13 and many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) PRNP have been discovered. However, functionality SNPs yet unclear, though several as important mutation related with susceptibility diseases. Our aim identify specific genotype patterns characteristics genomic...

We investigated the 47-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP), which is a periplasmic serine protease and an antigenic major surface of Orientia tsutsugamushi, as vaccine candidate. developed conventional subunit expressing recombinant OMP (rec47) DNA (p47). In mouse immunization experiments, intranasal with rec47 alone or plus heat-labile enterotoxin B from Escherichia coli cholera toxin (CT) adjuvants induced higher amount rec47-specific antibodies than intramuscular p47 pBOOST2-samIRF7/3 (pB)...

Abstract The 14-3-3 protein has been used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). However, weakly positive leads to false results and an incorrect diagnosis. We attempted use quantitative data tau provide accurate based on weak protein. Sixty-two patients with sCJD, including pathologically confirmed, clinically definite probable cases 89 non-CJD were investigated Korean population. Among them, 20 sCJD 14 showed 14-3-3. total (t-tau) phosphorylated...

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses of the family Bunyaviridae. Among them, Hantaan virus (HTNV) most widely distributed in Korea. The striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, natural host HTNV rural We trapped 766 small mammals three species (1 Eothenomys regulus, 13 Crocidura suaveolens, and 752 agrarius) five provinces Korea from January to December 2007. tested 542 rodent sera for antibodies indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA),...