Leaf photosynthetic pigments play a crucial role in evaluating nutritional elements and physiological states. In facility agriculture, it is vital to rapidly accurately obtain the pigment content distribution of leaves ensure precise water fertilizer management. our research, we utilized chlorophyll (Chla), b (Chlb), total chlorophylls (Chls) carotenoids (Cars) as indicators study variations leaf positions Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Under 10 nitrogen concentration applications, 2610 (435...

Leaf pigment content can reflect the nutrient elements of cultivation medium indirectly. To rapidly and accurately predict tomato leaves, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid were extracted from leaves seedlings cultured at different nitrogen concentrations. The visible/near-infrared(VIS/NIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) non-destructive measurement technology, 430-900 nm 950-1650 nm, with total variables 794, was used to obtain reflection spectra leaves. An improved strategy sparrow search algorithm...

Leaf photosynthetic pigments play a crucial role in evaluating nutritional elements and physiological states. In facility agriculture, it is vital to obtain rapidly accurately the pigment content distribution of leaves ensure precise water fertilizer management. our research, we utilized chlorophyll (Chla), b (Chlb), (Chll), carotenoid (Caro) as indicators study variations leaf position Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Under 10 nitrogen concentration applications, total 2610 (435 samples) were...

We propose a new framework of neural network-assisted sequential structured simulator to model, estimate, and simulate wide class sequentially generated data. Neural networks are integrated into the simulators in order capture potential nonlinear complicated structures. Given representative real data, network parameters estimated calibrated through Wasserstein training process, without restrictive distributional assumptions. The target is enforce joint distribution simulated data match terms...

The daylily ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hemerocallis citrina Baroni</i> ) is rich in not only nutrition ingredients but also functional components, and the edible part flower, containing its pedicel. primary challenge developing a robotic harvester recognizing mature bud unstructured uncertain environment. objective of this study to propose an accurate detection model. citrina</i> cv. 'DatongHuanghua' variety used study....

We provide a preliminary study on utilizing GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) to accelerate computation for three simulation optimization tasks with either first-order or second-order algorithms. Compared the implementation using only CPU (Central Unit), benefits from computational advantages of parallel processing large-scale matrices and vectors operations. Numerical experiments demonstrate in problems, show that such advantage comparatively further increase as problem scale increases.

Clustering analysis of functional data, which comprises observations that evolve continuously over time or space, has gained increasing attention across various scientific disciplines. Practical applications often involve data are contaminated with measurement errors arising from imprecise instruments, sampling errors, other sources. These can significantly distort the inherent structure, resulting in erroneous clustering outcomes. In this paper, we propose a simulation-based approach...

A base-induced synthesis of 2-(4-(2-(phenylthio)ethyl)piperazinyl) acetonitriles by reaction disulfides, 1-(chloromethyl)-4-aza-1-azonia bicyclo[2.2.2]octane chloride and trimethylsilyl cyanide is reported. The scope the method demonstrated with 30 examples. mechanism research indicates that three-component would be a SN2 reaction. products exhibit good activities towards advanced aqueous soluble acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) inhibitors. Our work superior as it uses...

Tetrahedral copper(I) clusters [Cu4(MBIZ)4(PPh3)2] (2), [Cu4(MBOZ)4(PPh3)4] (6) (MBIZ = 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, MBOZ 2-mercaptobenzoxazole) were prepared by regulation of the copper-thiolate [Cu6(MBIZ)6] (1) and [Cu8(MBOZ)8I]− (5) with PPh3. With presence iodide anion, provided iodide-containing [CuI4(MBIZ)3(PPh3)3I] (3) [CuI4(MBOZ)3(PPh3)3I] (7). The cyclic voltammogram 3 in MeCN (0.1 M nBu4NPF6, 298 K) at a scan rate 100 mV s−1 shows two oxidation processes Epa +0.11 +0.45 V return waves...

The problem of symbolic music generation presents unique challenges due to the combination limited data availability and need for high precision in note pitch. To overcome these difficulties, we introduce Fine-grained Textural Guidance (FTG) within diffusion models correct errors learned distributions. By incorporating FTG, improve accuracy generation, which makes them well-suited advanced tasks such as progressive improvisation interactive creation. We derive theoretical characterizations...

We propose a class of structured diffusion models, in which the prior distribution is chosen as mixture Gaussians, rather than standard Gaussian distribution. The specific mixed distribution, prior, can be to incorporate certain information data. develop simple-to-implement training procedure that smoothly accommodates use prior. Theory provided quantify benefits our proposed compared classical models. Numerical experiments with synthetic, image and operational data are conducted show...

For several areas in the domain of operations research and management science, such as service, logistics supply chain, financial systems, randomness arrivals is one primary source uncertainty. Appropriately modeling, statistically characterizing, efficiently simulating arrival processes are critical for policy performance evaluation related systems. Classic Monte Carlo simulators have advantages capturing interpretable “physics” a stochastic object, whereas neural network–based...

While extant evidence supports the link between mother phubbing (Mphubbing) and harsh mothering, current understanding of factors that may affect this relationship is limited. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine relation Mphubbing as well explore whether mothers' irritability adolescents' gender would moderate relationship. The participants included 482 middle school students (51.7 % girls) their mothers from China. results revealed a significant positive association...

We formulate, analyze and solve the problem of best arm identification with fairness constraints on subpopulations (BAICS). Standard problems aim at selecting an that has largest expected reward where expectation is taken over entire population. The BAICS requires a selected must be fair to all (e.g., different ethnic groups, age or customer types) by satisfying conditional every subpopulation needs larger than some thresholds. aims correctly identify, high confidence, from arms satisfy...