Reactor design for multiphase catalytic fixed bed reactors is always based on conflicting objectives. In the past, catalyst discovery and development preceded motivated selection of an appropriate reactor type. This type sequential approach increasingly been replaced by a parallel to selection. nearly all respects, structured catalysts have ability outperform randomly packed reactors. Structured packings, apart from their advantages high voidage low-pressure drop, benefit ease scale-up...

Based on our integrated approach linking detailed process simulation with LCA, we are able to quantify benefits and potential trade-offs of clean hydrogen production in a consistent way.

We can expect a remarkable expansion and cross-sectoral deployment of PV wind power in the current decade. The intermittent nature these renewables, however, will evoke challenges regarding matching energy supply demand. Studies strategies that aim to solve this challenge tend neglect flexibility potential modern sustainable bioenergy, despite being leading renewable resource today. explore status of, stakeholder expectations for, bioenergy flexibility, drawing on recent questionnaire data...

For proving the concept of SNG production from wood gasification derived producer gas under real conditions, a mobile bench-scale fluidized bed reactor setup was fed with Fast Internally Circulating Bed (FICFB) gasifier in Güssing, Austria. In long-term experiments, it could be shown that methanation catalyst allows for constantly high CO-conversion (about 98%) and CH4 concentration 40%) outlet. A similar experiment conducted measurement axial phase profiles by means movable sampling tube....

The direct methanation of biogas using hydrogen from electrolysis is a promising pathway for seasonal storage renewables in the natural gas network. It offers particular advantages over carbon dioxide separated biogas, as it eliminates costly and unnecessary separation step. key implementation challenges facing are reviewed here: 1) treatment impurities; 2) competing reactor concepts methanation; 3) process final upgrading. For each these three aspects, state art reviewed, focusing...

This review reports the available technologies for flexible utilization of biomass towards negative CO2 emissions and addresses possibility coupling bioenergy production plants with electrical grid converting excess energy into storable chemical molecules. changed mind-set can lead readily to implementation emission along entire supply chain without limiting potential Power-to-X applications. First, direct conversion waste wood gaseous carriers are screened, highlight current renewable...

Methanol is a key ingredient for the chemical industry. To foster transition into carbon-neutral future, it would be of great interest to reduce fossil carbon footprint methanol production by investigating alternative synthesis routes. A potential way produce in sustainable manner utilize biogas, which feedstock. However, challenging provide enough biogas large-scale plants. For this reason, we investigate paper possibility producing small-scale decentralized We analyzed...

In the present work, influence of reaction and mass transfer on fluidized-bed methanation have been investigated by both experiments modeling. By applying spatially resolved gas concentration temperature measurements in a bench-scale reactor, it was shown that most proceeds first 20 mm while increases 74 K 2 bed. A CO conversion practically 100% is achieved. The experimental data indicate measured composition represents mainly dense phase between bubble dominant effect upper part model...

The catalytic hydrolysis of urea was investigated under conditions relevant for the selective reduction NOx (urea-SCR). activities tested catalysts coated on cordierite monoliths were in order ZrO2 > TiO2 Al2O3 H-ZSM-5 SiO2. A comparison with isocyanic acid (HNCO) same showed that decomposition much slower than HNCO hydrolysis; hence, thermolysis into NH3 and is likely to be rate-determining step decomposition. Interestingly, a different catalyst found water-free experiments thermolysis: ≈...

The sensitivity of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) can be increased by using the modulated excitation approach, where sample is excited with a periodic external stimulation (e.g., changes in temperature, gas/liquid concentration, etc.) and corresponding spectra are filtered frequency excitation. resulting demodulated contain similar spectral features as difference but to much higher k values because isolation structural change that occurs same Furthermore, multiple intermediate species...

Power-to-gas systems (CO₂methanation and biogas methanation) with as carbon source are compared conventional upgrading through LCA in this study.

Decentralized methanol production in the context of energy storage (also called power-to-methanol or PtMeOH) requires development new process configurations. This is due to need avoid energy-intensive compression stages and adapt intermittent H2 availability. study aimed at determination techno-economic feasibility small-scale PtMeOH It was proposed that, small scale, pressure should be limited 30 bar, standard delivery an electrolyzer. cost complexity a compressor, unsuitable for systems....

This paper analyzes the operation of an energy hub on a community level with integrated P2X facility and access to markets. In our case, allows converting power hydrogen, heat, methane, or back power. We consider as large prosumer who can be both producer consumer in markets novelty that technology is available. investigate how such trades optimally electricity market satisfies local demand under assumption long-term strong climate scenario year 2050. For numerical analysis, case study...