Regulated AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking at excitatory synapses is a mechanism critical to activity-dependent alterations in synaptic efficacy. The role of regulated AMPAR insult-induced remodeling and/or cell death is, however, as yet unclear. Here we show that brief oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), an vitro model brain ischemia, promotes redistribution AMPARs hippocampal neurons, leading switch subunit composition. Ischemic insults promote internalization glutamate 2 (GluR2)-containing...

// Wen-Liang Chen 1,2 , Andrew Barszczyk 2 Ekaterina Turlova Marielle Deurloo Baosong Liu Burton B. Yang 4 James T. Rutka 1 Zhong-Ping Feng and Hong-Shuo Sun 1,2,3,5 Department of Surgery, University Toronto, Canada Physiology, 3 Pharmacology, Laboratory Medicine Pathobiology, 5 Institute Medical Science, Faculty Medicine, Correspondence to: Sun, email: Feng, Keywords : glioblastoma, carvacrol, TRPM7, cell viability, migration, invasion Received November 24, 2014 Accepted April 02, 2015...

The tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid protein phosphatase. We report here that physically associates with the NR1 NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in rat hippocampus. Downregulating expression inhibits function extrasynaptic NMDARs decreases NMDAR surface expression, suggesting crucial role for endogenous modulation NMDAR-mediated neuronal function. Reducing also enhances Akt/Bad phosphorylation hippocampal neurons....

Abstract Direct-current electrical fields (EFs) promote nerve growth and axon regeneration. We report here that at physiological strengths, EFs guide the migration of neuronal stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) toward cathode. EF-directed NSPC requires activation N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which leads to an increased physical association Rho GTPase Rac1-associated signals membrane NMDARs intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Thus, this study identifies EF as a directional guidance cue...

Downregulation of the tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), is thought to be a novel neuroprotective strategy in ischemic stroke, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed validate use PTEN regulation gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptors (GABA(A)Rs) as molecular target for treatment stroke. Because suppression GABA(A)Rs contributes neuron death, describing intracellular signaling that interacts with neurons would...

Dysfunction of PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1) is implicated in neurodegeneration. We report here that oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an vitro insult mimicking ischemic neuron injury, resulted a significant reduction PINK1 protein expression cultured cortical neurons. The decrease was blocked by the antagonists NMDA receptors. revealed overactivation NR2B-containing receptors (NR2BRs) responsible for OGD-induced reduction. overactivated NR2BRs also inhibited phosphorylation, but not...

Microglia have a swelling-activated Cl- current (which we call IClswell), and while some of its biophysical properties functional roles been elucidated, molecular identity is unknown. To relate this to cell functions determine whether it regulated by mechanisms other than swelling, important establish both pharmacological fingerprints. Here, used rat microglia line derived from them (MLS-9) study biophysical, regulatory IClswell. The whole-cell was activated in response hypo-osmotic bath...

Explore the effect of Baihe Dihuang powder on chronic stress depression rat models.Chronic models were established with different stimuli for 21 days. At same time, drug was administered consecutive The animals weighed once a week after start formal experiment. On second day end administration, conduct sugar water consumption test and open-filed box experiment, behavioral observation; testing, blood taken from eyeball plasma separated to measure MDA level erythrocyte SOD activity; Take brain...

Explore the possible protective effect of Sargentodoxa cuneata total phenolic acids on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rats. Focal rats model were established by linear thrombus. Nimodipine group, Naoluotong high, middle and low dose groups given related drugs via intragastric administration before operation for seven days, once a day. At same time sham group volume physiological saline. One hour after last administration, establish focal ischemia- in thread method, was taken out 2 h to...

To study the influence of stachydrine hydrochloride on inflammatory cytokines and tissue morphology re-perfusion model mice with repetitive cerebral ischemia probe into protection mechanism for reperfusion impairment. Build a by first blocking common carotid artery both sides 10 min, then resuming perfusion min again min. Before operation, all in Nimodipine group, big, medium small dose groups were given corresponding gastric perfusion, sham operation group modeled at same time 0.5% sodium...

Study the effect of 3:7 ratio Astragalus total saponins and Curcumin on model diabetic nephropathy rats, explore its mechanisms.Diabetic rats was established by high-fat high-sugar feed feeding combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in sublingual vein. Measured fasting blood glucose 10, 20 30th day, measured urine protein content days. Two hours after last administration, glycated serum (GSP), insulin antibody (IA), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL),...

Observe anti-inflammatory effect and the on acute pharyngitis rats model induced by ammonia water of compound Lobelia oral liquid, providing experimental basis for its clinical use. Use egg white establish foot swelling use carboxymethyl cellulose blood cell migration model. Then observe liquid. 15% spray at pharyngeal model, Visual observation conduct grading tissue stimulation in rats, measure levels TNF-α IL-6 serum. Pharyngeal was taken to morphological changes. All dose groups liquid...

Dysfunction of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) or DJ-1 promotes neuronal death and is implicated in the pathogenesis Parkinson's disease, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Given roles N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr)-mediated neurotoxicity various brain disorders including cerebral ischemia neurodegenerative diseases, we investigated effects PINK1 on NMDAr function. Using protein overexpression knockdown approaches, showed that increased NMDAr-mediated whole-cell currents by...

We describe a manual prechop technique to divide the nucleus using cystotome. In cystotome-assisted technique, after capsulorhexis, surgeon-bent cystotome is inserted into lens while Nagahara chopper set around equator. The and are then brought together in center create bisecting crack nucleus, dividing it cleanly 2 hemispheres.No author has financial or proprietary interest any material method mentioned.

Seventeen dogs were subjected to blunt left lateral impact at velocities from 7.14 m/s 19.05 m/s. The impacts the thoracic wall recorded by accelerometers fixed on ribs impacted point and other areas. From this in information dynamic parameters (compression response, instantaneous deformation velocities, viscous response) calculated. injury scores according Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS-85). results showed that chest was a viscoelastic structure. of correlated with physical exponential...

Explore the effect of compound lobelia oral liquid on acute pharyngitis rabbits model caused by ammonium hydroxide, evaluate its curative effect.Acute rabbit was prepared ammonia spray at pharyngeal. After 1 h last administration, score pharyngeal tissue symptoms under condition naked eyes (score according to criteria). Then, take blood from marginal auricular vein for routine tests and serum TNF-α level measure. Take HE staining, observe pathological changes microscope.Compared with blank...

To gain some quantitative understanding of the nature and properties stress wave propagation pathological characteristics lung injuries, pressure values at eight sites in lungs during an impact period were recorded.The injury severity scores corresponding regions determined 11 dogs, which subjected to blunt, left lateral a velocity 16.33 m/sec with 24.5% compressive response. The results showed that value contact point was greatest decreased significantly from side right side. However, hilum...

Rabdosia rubescens contais many active ingredients such as terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides and organic acids. Modern research has proved that the effect of heat-clearing detoxicating, antibacterial anticancer, promoting blood circulation to arrest pain anti-tumor. It is used in treatment sore throat, rheumatoid arthritis various kinds cancer. The clinical application restricted fat-soluble components, solubility water ignored. prescriptions, Chinese patent drug food therapy are less...

Multidisciplinary meetings (MDMs) are central to clinical decision-making in many areas of cardiology. This study assessed current provision and structure cardiology MDMs England comparison with national guidelines. British Cardiovascular Society (BCS) members were surveyed regarding frequency, core attendees, organisational aspects for myocardial revascularisation, endocarditis, heart failure, aortic valve, mitral tricuspid valve MDMs, whether local, regional or outside the region. Access...

The inherent characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine are multi components and targets, which lays a theoretical foundation for the multipurpose use Medicine.The compatibility may produce new curative effect enlarge its application foundation. A variety effective ingredients in single herb, herbal compound proprietary material basis target medicine. There differences treatment diseases due to different flavor meridian tropism, routes administration medicinal sites. This paper on our...