Gut luminal dysbiosis and pathobiosis result in compositional biodiversified alterations the microbial host co-metabolites. The primary mechanism of bacterial evolution is horizontal gene transfer (HGT), acquisition new traits can be achieved through exchange mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Introducing genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) might break harmonized balance intestinal compartment. present objectives are: 1. To reveal role played by GEMs’ transfers changing landscape enteric...

Gut luminal dysbiosis and pathobiosis result in compositional biodiversify alterations the microbial host co-metabolites. The main mechanism of bacterial evolution is horizontal gene transfer (HGT) acquisition new traits can be achieved through mobile genetic element (MGEs) exchange. Introducing genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) might break harmonized balance intestinal compartment. present objectives are: 1. To reveal role played by GEMs' transfers changing landscape enteric...

Gluten has multiple harmful effects that compromise human health, not only in gluten-dependent diseases but also non-gluten-affected chronic inflammatory conditions. After consumption, the indigestible gluten peptides are modified by luminal microbial transglutaminase or transported through gut epithelium to interact with highly populated mucosal immune cells. As a disruptor of permeability, tight junction integrity, allowing foreign immunogenic molecules reach internal compartments. Gliadin...

Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a bacterial survival factor, frequently used as food additive to glue processed nutrients. As result, new immunogenic epitopes are generated that might drive autoimmunity. Presently, its contribution autoimmunity through epitope similarity and cross-reactivity was investigated. Emboss Matcher perform sequence alignment between mTG various antigens implicated in many autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal polyclonal antibodies made specifically against were...

The gastrointestinal tract can be heavily infected by SARS-CoV-2. Being an auto-immunogenic virus, SARS-CoV-2 represents environmental factor that might play a role in gut-associated autoimmune diseases. However, molecular mimicry between the virus and intestinal epitopes is under-investigated. present study aims to elucidate sequence similarity viral antigens human enteric sequences, based on known cross-reactivity. cross-react with gut were explored, alignment was performed against...

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to pose a global threat. While its virulence has subsided, it persisted due the continual emergence of new mutations. Although many high-risk conditions related COVID-19 have been identified, understanding protective factors remains limited. Intriguingly, epidemiological evidence suggests low incidence COVID-19-infected CD patients. present study explores whether their genetic background, namely associated HLA-DQs, offers protection against severe outcomes....

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to pose a global threat. While its virulence has subsided, it persisted due the continual emergence of new mutations. Although many high-risk conditions related COVID-19 have been identified, understanding protective factors remains limited. Intriguingly, epidemiological evidence suggests low incidence COVID-19-infected CD patients. present study explores whether their genetic background, namely, associated HLA-DQs, offers protection against severe outcomes....

Rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease are autoimmune inflammatory diseases that share multiple aspects. The only established therapy for is the gluten-free diet. current rheumatic patients mainly pharmaceutical physiotherapy. nutritional in its first steps, while several diets were suggested. A diet was preliminarily assessed with some beneficial effects; however, no guidelines exist rheumatic, nutritional, nor literature. present review expends on rheumatoid - relationship, gut-joint...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in oncology; however, they have short and long-term side effects. A major one is the surge autoimmune diseases. The number of those conditions continuously increasing, recently, celiac disease was added to list. Since associated with CTLA-4 polymorphism since underdiagnosed patient at risk for various cancers, upon anti-CTRA-4 immune therapy, loss function protein can predispose them overt disease. present review...