This study investigated effects of different sizes, concentrations, volumes, and surface areas polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles on human macrophages. Adherent peripheral blood monocytes isolated from five healthy individuals were exposed for 48 h to phagocytosable (0.325 μm 5.5 μm) nonphagocytosable (200 spherical particles. Each particle size was tested over a range concentrations (104−1011 per milliliter [0.325 μm], 102−107 [5.5 101−104 [200 μm]) provide overlap in number, volume,...

In joints with bacterial arthritis, continuing prolonged destruction of cartilage may occur in spite prompt, effective antibiotic therapy. We measured the extent to which early therapy ceforanide altered degradation after arthritis due Staphylococcus aureus had been produced knee joint rabbits. Degradation was quantified by analyses for glycosaminoglycan and collagen. Three weeks infection produced, lost more than half its whether started at one, two, or seven days infection. Beginning...

ObjectiveTo evaluate the hypothesis that a mechanical stimulus (30-min walk) will produce change in serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is associated with thickness changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsSerum COMP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 17 patients (11 females, age: 59.0±9.2 years) medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) at study entry immediately before, after, 3.5 h, and 5.5 h after 30-min walking activity....

Abstract This study tested the effect of fluid‐induced shear on interleukin‐6 expression in normal human articular chondrocytes vitro . As determined by Northern blot analysis, mRNA occurs from osteoarthritic cartilage but not chondrocytes. Applying stress to primary high density cultures increased signal 4‐fold at 1 hour and 10 15‐fold 48 hours compared with unsheared control cultures. At hours, protein levels culture medium 9 10‐fold controls, signals for interleukin‐1α, interleukin‐1β,...

The biologic effects of wear debris are an important factor limiting the longevity total joint replacements. In vivo, in vitro, and tissue retrieval studies have underlined a central role for macrophage etiology loosening periprosthetic osteolysis. Wear particles from materials used replacement activate macrophages to secrete proinflammatory factors. Complex interactions between other cells stimulate bone resorption suppress formation at prosthetic interface. To improve long term outcome...

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a change in serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration is related joint load during 30-min walking exercise patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) and age-matched control subjects. Blood samples were drawn from 42 OA 41 healthy subjects immediately before, after, 0.5, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 h after on level outdoor track at self-selected normal speed. Serum COMP concentrations determined using commercial...

An intra-articular injection of local anesthetics is a common procedure for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It has been shown that these agents are toxic to articular cartilage synovial tissue in dose- time-dependent fashion, some cases, they may lead postarthroscopic glenohumeral chondrolysis (PAGCL). However, the role apoptosis cell death still unclear, potential inhibition minimizing chondrocyte not reported.(1) To quantify degree apoptotic chondrocytes cells exposed anesthetics, (2)...

In total joint arthroplasty, long-term outcomes depend in part on the biocompatibility of implant alloys. This study analyzed effects surface finish and diamond-like carbon coating osteoblast cell adhesion to polished titanium-aluminum-vanadium or grit-blasted cobalt-chromium-molybdenum Osteoblast binding was tested presence absence proteins fibronectin, laminin, fibrinogen, vitronectin quantified by measurement DNA content. Although adherence occurred serum-free medium, maximal required...

Transplantation of human fetal neural stem cells (hNSCs) previously demonstrated significant functional recovery after spinal cord contusion in rats. Other studies indicated that mesenchymal (hMSCs) can home to areas damage and cross the blood-brain barrier. The purpose this article is determine if combined administration neuronal improves outcomes study design was a randomized controlled animal trial. Female adult Long-Evans hooded rats underwent laminectomy at T10 level. Moderate level...

Background: Adhesion formation after flexor tendon repair remains a clinical problem. Early postoperative motion has been demonstrated to reduce adhesion while increasing strength. The authors hypothesized that during mobilization, cells experience mechanical shear forces alter their biology in fashion reduces scar but also activates key genes involved healing. Methods: To test this hypothesis, primary intrinsic tenocyte cultures were established from tendons of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats and...

Abstract We report herein that cartilage proteolytic activity increased in bovine and rabbit articular after treatment with a purified staphylococcal culture medium or intraarticular infection Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal the release of gelatinolytic, collagenolytic, caseinolytic into isolated chondrocytes organ culture. The activities were determined assays using radiolabeled substrate sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. was proteolytically inactive by both...

The treatment of osteoarthritis includes a wide spectrum approaches. This article reviews current practices in medical, pharmaceutical and surgical with perspective toward the immediate, distant far future. At present, exception surgery, all other treatments are palliative. That is to say that many these relieve pain increase function. However, on basis medical evidence, do not change course disease. Surgical interventions, including joint replacement osteotomy, reverse progress provide...

Abstract Effects of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on cartilage chondrocytes in culture are reported. Under these conditions, bacterial effects degradation cell viability measured the absence inflammation. E causes a 28% loss S an 83% glycosaminoglycan within 48 hours. Collagen content is unchanged. Both species induce chondrocyte death explants monolayers Bacterial glycosaminoglycans do not result from depletion nutrients medium. Serum media inhibits but does prevent death.

The timing and molecular profile of cartilage destruction in Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus infectious arthritis killed Mycobacterium butyricum adjuvant are presented. Infectious was studied for 3 weeks; samples were analyzed at 2, 10, 21 days. At 48 h postinfection, glycosaminoglycan content reduced by 20% (p less than 0.05) E. infected knees 42% tibial plateau S. knees. By the 3rd week infection, losses amounted to as much 73% 0.005). In comparison, collagen not significant prior...

Abstract In this article, cross‐relaxation imaging is applied to human ex vivo knee cartilage, and correlations of the parameters with macromolecular content in articular cartilage are reported. We show that, unlike more commonly used magnetization transfer ratio, bound pool fraction, rate ( k ) longitudinal relaxation time T 1 vary depth can therefore provide insight into differences between top bottom layers cartilage. Our model sensitive fraction showing moderate proteoglycan content,...

Abstract We report the effect of staphylococci on induction proteoglycan release from cartilage in organ culture and document presence a staphylococcal proteoglycan‐releasing factor bacterial growth medium. Staphylococci cocultured with increased 3‐4‐fold within 48 hours. Viable was essential for maximum loss proteoglycan. Killed bacteria had no release. Four Staphylococcus aureus strains yielded media preparations active Analysis subunits released showed only limited degradation,...