Neuroligins belong to a highly conserved family of cell adhesion molecules that have been implicated in synapse formation and function. However, the precise vivo roles remain unclear. In present study, we analyzed function Drosophila neuroligin 2 ( dnl2 ) synaptic development We show is strongly expressed embryonic larval CNS at neuromuscular junction (NMJ). null mutants are viable but display numerous structural defects NMJ, including reduced axonal branching fewer boutons. also an increase...

Abstract The Hippo signalling cascade is an evolutionarily conserved pathway critical for the development of numerous organ systems and required many parts mammalian nervous system, including cerebellum. converges, via nuclear YAP/TAZ co-transcription factors, on transcription factors TEA Domain (TEAD) family (TEAD1-4) promotes expression pro-proliferative genes. Despite importance TEAD function, our understanding spatial temporal this limited, as which members regulate Hippo-dependent...

Human life expectancy has nearly doubled in the past century due, part, to social and economic development, a wide range of new medical technologies treatments. As number elderly increase it becomes vital importance understand what factors contribute healthy aging. longevity is complex process that affected by both environmental genetic interactions between them. Unfortunately, currently difficult identify role components human longevity. In contrast, model organisms such as C. elegans,...

β2‐Laminin is important for the formation of neuromuscular junctions in vertebrates. Previously, we have inactivated gene that encodes β2‐laminin mice and observed predominantly prejunctional structural defects. In this study, used both intra‐ extracellular recording methods to investigate evoked neurotransmission β2‐laminin‐deficient mice, from postnatal day 8 (P8) through 18 (P18). Our results confirmed there was a decrease frequency spontaneous release, but no change postjunctional...

Nucleoside transporters are evolutionarily conserved proteins that essential for normal cellular function. In the present study, we examined role of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 ( ent2 ) in Drosophila . Null mutants lethal during late larval/early pupal stages, indicating is development. Hypomorphic mutant alleles , however, viable and exhibit reduced associative learning. We additionally used RNA interference to knock down expression specific regions CNS show required α/β lobes...

Although many genes have been shown to play essential roles in learning and memory, the precise molecular cellular mechanisms underlying these processes remain be fully elucidated. Here, we present behavioral characterization of Drosophila memory mutant nemy. We provide multiple lines evidence show that nemy arises from a mutation homologue cytochrome B561. is predominantly expressed neuroendocrine neurons larval brain, mushroom bodies antennal lobes adult where it partially coexpressed with...

Much of our current understanding about neurodegenerative diseases can be attributed to the study inherited forms these disorders. For example, mutations in presenilin 1 and 2 genes have been linked early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Using Drosophila central nervous system as a model we investigated role one earliest cellular defects associated with disease, intracellular calcium deregulation. We show that expression either wild type or FAD-mutant CNS neurons has no impact on...

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory and cognitive decline that associated with changes in synaptic plasticity neuronal cell loss. Recent evidence suggests some of these defects may be due to loss normal presenilin activity. Here, we have examined the effect Drosophila (psn) function on learning. Basal transmitter release was elevated psn mutants while both paired pulse post-tetanic potentiation were impaired. These strength not...

Heavy metal intoxication leads to a number of reabsorptive and secretory defects in renal transport systems. We have studied the effects several heavy metals on expression Na-S i cotransporter NaSi-1. NaSi-1 cRNA was injected into Xenopusoocytes, cotransport activity measured presence mercury, lead, cadmium, or chromium. Mercury strongly inhibited irreversibly by reducing both maximal velocity ( V max ) Michaelis constant K m for inorganic sulfate (S ). Lead reversibly decreasing but not S ....

Synaptic transmission is highly plastic and subject to regulation by a wide variety of neuromodulators neuropeptides. In the present study, we have examined role isoforms cytochrome b561 homologue called no extended memory (nemy) in synaptic strength plasticity at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) third instar larvae Drosophila. Specifically, generated two independent excisions nemy that differentially affect expression isoforms. We show nemy45 excision, which specifically reduces longest splice...

Abstract Contraction of the smooth muscle in mouse vas deferens is elicited by sympathetic nerves releasing at least two neurotransmitters, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and noradrenaline (NA). Several studies have indicated presence regional variation purinergic noradrenergic contributions to nerve‐evoked contractions rodent vasa deferentia. We examined relative contribution ATP NA neurotransmission contraction prostatic epididymal ends deferens. The success rate recording excitatory...

<title>Abstract</title> The Hippo signalling cascade is an evolutionarily conserved pathway critical for the development of numerous organ systems and required many parts mammalian nervous system, including cerebellum. converges, via nuclear YAP/TAZ co-transcription factors, on transcription factors TEA Domain (TEAD) family (TEAD1-4) promotes expression pro-proliferative genes. Despite importance TEAD function, our understanding spatial temporal this limited, as which members regulate...

The strength of synaptic transmission is highly variable between different synapses. present study examined some factors that may contribute to this variation in the neurotransmission sympathetic varicosities mouse vas deferens. Transmitter release was measured using a focal macropatch electrode placed over pairs visualised varicosities. By regulating calcium concentration solutions inside recording and bath independently each other, transmitter restricted one or two surface at site. Using...

Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic pre‐synaptic inhibition of transmitter release by morphine evokes a counter‐adaptive response in the sympathetic nerve terminals manifests itself as an increase during acute withdrawal. In present study we examined possibility other pre‐synaptically acting drugs such clonidine also evoke terminals. chronically saline treated (CST) preparations, (0.5 μ M ) completely abolished evoked from varicosities bathed extracellular calcium concentration...

Abstract N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) has been used extensively in biochemical assays as an inhibitor of the NEM sensitive fusion protein (NSF). However, examination effect on transmitter release more physiologically relevant preparations proved inconclusive. In present study, we have examined low concentrations synaptic transmission intact nerve‐muscle from toads ( Bufo marinus ). Under conditions probability (0.3 mM calcium, 1 magnesium), treatment with (10 μM) caused a significant increase...

An education-oriented workshop for college faculty in the atmospheric and related sciences was held Boulder, Colorado, during June 1997 by three programs of University Corporation Atmospheric Research. The objective this to provide with hands-on training use Web-based instructional methods specific application teaching satellite remote sensing their subject areas. More than 150 associated scientists participated, postworkshop evaluation showed it have been a very successful integration...

Several open-channel photomultipliers have been flown in an instrument on the satellite OSO-6, and their detection sensitivities two sources (thermocouple error thermocouple location.