Timely diagnosis of HIV is essential to improve survival rates and reduce transmission the virus. Insufficient progress has been made in effecting earlier diagnoses. The Mexican border city Tijuana one highest AIDS incidence mortality all Mexico. This study examined prevalence potential correlates late testing Tijuana, Late testers were defined as participants who had at least of: (1) an AIDS-defining illness within 1 year first positive test; (2) a date or (3) initial CD4 cell count below...

Despite decades of research surrounding determinants alcohol and tobacco (A&T) use among adolescents, built environment influences have only recently been explored. This study used ordinal regression on 205 Latino adolescents to explore the influence (proximity A&T retailers) use, while controlling for recognized social predictors. The sample was 45% foreign-born. associated with distance from respondents' home nearest retailer (-), acculturation (+), parents' consistent contingency...

Objectives. We sought to determine the efficacy of coaching Latino adolescents with latent tuberculosis infection adhere isoniazid treatment. Methods. Participants (n = 286) were randomly assigned adherence coaching, attention control, or usual care groups. Adherence was measured via interviews and validated urine assays. Results. Coaching resulted in significant increases compared Bicultural more likely be adherent than those most least acculturated. Age risk behavior negatively related...

Youth in alternative schools often engage high rates of risk behaviors for AIDS and violence. This study included 42 youth, ages 13 to 18, from San Diego, CA, tested the effectiveness behavioral skills training based on Behavioral‐Ecological Model. Two interventions were evaluated: one teaching condom use other anger management skills. Changes most significant at postintervention but not maintained 6 months. Few risk‐related attitudes or improved months either group.

Background This study describes the barriers to effective and timely LTBI treatment encountered in a research on INH adherence Latino adolescents. Method Participant logs were reviewed, results of continuing medical education pretests for providers examined, participating facilities contacted order construct profile multi-level treatment. Results A total 285 TST positive (96%) high school students recruited into trial. We lack understanding gravity tuberculosis infection among both public...

Diaries are frequently used to evaluate therapy. Forgetfulness, however, can lead missed entries. With paper diaries, these missing entries be backfilled, compromising the reasons for using a diary. Electronic diaries potential means of mitigating this limitation. The pilot study was conducted use mobile phone Twelve subjects with mild persistent asthma were randomly assigned or diary 2 weeks and then crossed over other type next weeks. Of 12 subjects, 7 preferred However, mean prevalence...

Parent and adolescent self-reports are the most common sources for measuring parenting practices. This study's purpose was to compare how parent reports of behaviors differentially predict gateway drug use. The sample consisted 252 Latino adolescent-parent dyads. After controlling potential confounding influences, only adolescents' about their parents' were significant explained 38% variance in Practitioners may recommend parents seeking advice that they solicit feedback from ensure efforts...

The Arkansas method (AM) for isoniazid (INH) metabolite detection is a relatively inexpensive, simple, objective measure of adherence. purpose the study was to explore whether variations in urine sample handling and storage will produce accurate assay outcomes. Participants were convenience 28 adults adolescents prescribed INH latent tuberculosis infection. provided one test effects following: mixing processes; durations at room temperature, refrigerator, or frozen; freeze/thaw cycles on AM...

Objectives.To investigate the rates of latent TB infection (LTBI) in a sample young people San Diego County and examine potential predictors positive tuberculin skin test (TST).Methods.Latino foreign-born students from ten public middle high schools were invited to screenings along with random 10% all other students.After obtaining parental consent, Mantoux tests placed (Nϭ2,698) read (nϭ2,667 [98.9%]) 48-72 hours.A TST was defined as Ն10 mm induration.The mean age 14.34 years...

Parents can impact adolescent substance use, but it is unclear which substances are most affected. This study compared associations between parenting behaviors and alcohol tobacco use to see if was equally related both behaviors. Alcohol data were collected from 252 Latino adolescents living along the San Diego–Tijuana border. Logistic regression used test behaviors' impact. Parenting protective against not use. Substance-using peers affected prevention efforts among should target

Objective . The purpose of this study was to determine the gaps between disclosed high-risk behaviors in low-income, mainly Hispanic youth and identification these risks by health care providers. Methods This cross-sectional included 13–19 years old who participated a on latent tuberculosis treatment. Youth were interviewed at baseline bilingual research assistants; provider visit assessed chart review. Results Of 221 youth, majority (96%) identified as Hispanic, 45% foreign-born, 46% male....

Participation of different community sectors, including the private business sector, is necessary to fight HIV/AIDS epidemic. Local businesses may be reluctant participate in HIV prevention because fear negative customer reactions and loss revenue. This study examines extent which residents two communities San Diego, California, would support initiatives local businesses. A population-based household survey (N = 200) conducted with higher versus lower risk for HIV. The includes questions...

The purpose of this study was to examine the assessment AIDS-related social skills (measured by role play) in Anglo and Latino adolescents (N = 383) explore ethnic gender differences on these skills. Eight were assessed five measures evaluating molar, molecular, verbal, nonverbal dimensions behavior. Interrelationships between measurement examined using factor analysis. Results revealed that Anxiety Nonverbal Behavior each loaded across different individual respective factors, whereas verbal...

This study explored contextual variables within strip clubs employing exotic dancers as well dancers’ characteristics, potential correlates of prostitution. Face-to-face anonymous interviews were conducted with in San Diego County (N = 123). Logistic regression revealed that nonwhite race, allowing customer touching, illegal drug use, and number dances per shift significant predictors prostitution, while childhood neglect abuse adulthood near-significant. Exotic may be at elevated risk for...